Bodyfluid and electrolit

Irfan Idris
Physiology Department
Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University
KOMPOSISI Plasma Interstitiel intrasel
(meq/l) ( meq/l) ( meq/l)
KATION
Na 143,0 140,0 14,0
K 4,2 4,0 140,0
Ca 1,8 1,2 <1
Mg 0,8 0,7 20,0

ANION
Cl 108,0 108,0 4,0
HCO3 24,0 28,3 10,0
HPO4 2,0 2,0 11,0
Protein 1,2 0,2 4,0
 Acid base balance

Irfan Idris
Physiology Department
Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University
Acid-Base Balance
 Precise H+ regulation is essential because the
activities of almost all enzyme, cell and body
functions in the body are influenced by H+
concentration
 Molecules containing hydrogen atoms that can
release hydrogen ions in solutions are referred to as
acids
 A base is an ion or a molecule that can accept an
H+, alkali is a molecule formed by the combination of
one or more of the alkaline metals—sodium,
potassium, lithium, and so forth—with a highly basic
ion such as a hydroxyl ion (OH–).
 Alkalosis refers to excess removal of H+ from the
body fluids, in contrast to the excess addition of H+,
which is referred to as acidosis.
Defenses Against Changes in
Hydrogen Ion Concentration
 Buffer system
 Lung
 Kidney
Buffering of Hydrogen Ions
in the Body Fluids

 Bicarbonate Buffer System

 Phosphate Buffer System
 Proteins: Important Intracellular Buffers
Bicarbonate Buffer System
 Consists of a water solution that
contains two ingredients: (1) a weak
acid, H2CO3, and (2) a bicarbonate salt,
such as NaHCO3
 Extracellular fluid
Phosphate Buffer System
 The main elements of the phosphate
buffer system are H2PO4– and HPO4 =.
 plays a major role in buffering renal
tubular fluid and intracellular fluids.
Proteins: Important
Intracellular Buffers
 Proteins are among the most plentiful buffers
in the body because of their high
concentrations, especially within the cells
 In the red blood cell, hemoglobin (Hb) is an
important buffer, as follows:
 60 to 70 per cent of the total chemical
buffering of the body fluids is inside the cells,
and most of this results from the intracellular
proteins
Respiratory Regulation
of Acid-Base Balance
 The second line of defense against acid-
base disturbances is control of
extracellular fluid CO2 concentration by
the lungs.
 An increase in ventilation eliminates
CO2 from extracellular fluid, which, by
mass action, reduces the H+
concentration
Renal Control of
Acid-Base Balance
 The kidneys control acid-base balance
by excreting either an acidic or a basic
urine
 Thus, the kidneys regulate extracellular
fluid H+ concentration through three
fundamental mechanisms: (1) secretion
of H+, (2) reabsorption of filtered HCO3-
and (3) production of new HCO3-.