DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH.
Name : Killada. Latha
Designation : Sr. Lecturer.
Branch : Metallurgical Engg.
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic , Vijayawada.
Year/Semester : III Semester.
Subject : Metallurgical thermodynamics.
Subject Code : MET-304.
Major Topic : First Law of Thermodynamics
Duration : 50 Min
Sub Topics : 1) Heat change.
2) Heat changes at constant Volume and Pressure
3) Concept of Enthalpy
Teaching Aids : Animations, Diagrams, Photographs.
Revised by : B Chantaiah. L/Met, GPT Kgm
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 Objectives

On completion of this period you should be able to Know

• Heat change,

• Heat change at constant Volume,

• Heat change at constant Pressure,

• Enthalpy or Heat Content;

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 Recap

• First Law of Thermodynamics

• Energy content is a state property

• Energy Change

• Isothermal reversible work of expansion

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 Heat Change
• The amount of heat transferred is represented by ‘Q’

• Q is +ve when system gains heat

• Q is –ve when system evolves heat

• There will be a heat change when system gains or loses

heat

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Heat Change at Constant Volume contd..
• For a process at Constant Volume there is no Expansion and
Contraction i.e. (dV = 0) So W = 0

• So the equation Q = ΔE + W will become

Q V = ∆EV

• Heat absorbed at constant Volume i.e., QV is equal to the

energy increase ∆EV accompanying the process.

• Since the energy content of a system is a “State Property” ,

the Heat change at constant volume also a “State Property”.

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 Heat Change at Constant Pressure

• For a process at constant pressure

• The work of expansion

• W = P∆V where ∆V is the increase in volume.

• If the heat absorbed is “Q”

• Now the equation Q=∆ E+W becomes

QP =∆Ep+ P∆V

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 Heat Change at Constant Pressure

• The increase ∆Ep in the energy content is

∆Ep = E2-E1,

• Where E1 and E2 are values of internal energy for initial and final
states
• The accompanying increase of volume ∆V is

∆V = V2-V1

V2,V1 are the values of volumes for initial and final states

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 Heat Change at Constant Pressure contd..

• Now Qp= (E2—E1) + P (V2-V1)

Qp= (E2+PV2) –(E1+PV1) …………………..2

• Since P and V are state properties, quantity (E+PV) is

dependent only on thermodynamic state.

• Hence (E+PV) is the state property and also the

extensive property

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Heat Change at Constant Pressure contd..
• The extensive thermodynamic property (E+PV) is called the
Heat content or Enthalpy and is represented by “H”
H = E+PV
• The equation 2 will become
Qp = H2-H1
(or)
Qp= ∆Hp
Enthalpy : Energy content of the system at constant
pressure.

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Heat Change at Constant Pressure contd..

• H1 and H2 are the heat contents of initial and final states

of the system and ∆Hp is the increase in the Heat content
at constant Pressure
• Since the Heat content is a state property , the Heat
change at constant Pressure i.e., Qp is also a state
property

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 Summary

We have discussed about

• Heat Change

• Heat changes at constant volume and

• Heat changes at constant Pressure

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 Quiz

1) Heat Change at constant Volume can be given as

a) Qv ≠ 0.

b) Qv = ΔEV.

c) Qv = 0.

d) None

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 Quiz

1) Heat Change at constant Pressure can be given as

a) QP = 0.

b) QP = ΔEP.

c) QP = ∆Hp .

d) None

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1) Define Enthalpy and derive an expression for it.

6 Marks

2) Derive an expression for Heat change at constant

Volume
4 Marks

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