If

First Conditional
Something that is likely to happen in the present or
the future
If Present Simple, will + inf
won’t + inf

If you listen carefully, you will understand.

He will win the championship if he trains hard.

She will help you if she has time.

I can also use present continuous
We won’t play outside if it is raining.
 Unless = If not

Unless you listen carefully, you won’t

understand.

He won’t win the championship unless he

trains hard.

She won’t help you unless she has time.

You will fail unless you study hard.

 If
Second Conditional
If Past Simple, would/could/might + inf.

Something that is unlikely to happen in the present or

in the future

If I had enough money, I would buy this mobile. 

I’d be very fit if I ran 5 kilometres a day.

What would you do if you lived on Mars?

If I were you, I’d see a doctor at once. ((Advice))

Note : we use were with all pronouns in the 2nd Conditional
 If
3rd Conditional

If had + p.p , would/could/might have + p.p

Hypothetical situations in the past

They didn’t play well so they didn’t win.

I f they had played well, they would have won.

They would have won if they had played well.

Note : We can also use ((could or might))

If they had played well, they could have won.
If they had played well, they might have won.
Mark didn’t write the article because he
forgot his notebook.
If Mark hadn’t forgotten his notebook, he
would have written the article.
Mark would have written the article if he
hadn’t forgotten his notebook.

Liam broke his camera so his mother was

upset.
If Liam hadn’t broken his camera, his mother
wouldn’t have been upset.
Liam’s mother wouldn’t have been upset if he
hadn’t broken his camera.
Mark didn’t write the article because he
forgot his notebook.
If Mark hadn’t forgotten his notebook, he
would have written the article.
Mark would have written the article if he
hadn’t forgotten his notebook.

Liam broke his camera so his mother was

upset.
If Liam hadn’t broken his camera, his mother
wouldn’t have been upset.
Liam’s mother wouldn’t have been upset if he
hadn’t broken his camera.
 …. Because ……
Main Clause …. if Clause

Mark didn’t write the article because he forgot his

notebook.

Mark would have written the article if he hadn’t

forgotten his notebook.

……. SO …..
If Clause , Main Clause

Liam broke his camera so his mother was upset.

If Liam hadn’t broken his camera, his mother wouldn’t

have been upset.