ENGLISH ART INTEGRATION

PROJECT
JAMMU and KASHMIR

By:
M . Sri Vishodan
11th - A
Agurchand Manmull Jain School
Admission number: 5349
Map of Jammu and Kashmir
 Introduction about Jammu and
Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir was a region formerly administered by India as a state
from 1954 to 2019, constituting the southern and south-eastern portion of the
larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between
India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century. The underlying region of
this state were parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, whose
western districts, now known as Azad Kashmir, and northern territories, now
known as Gilgit-Baltistan, are administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in
the east, bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962.
After the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to Jammu
and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution in 2019, the
Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which
contained provisions that dissolved the state and reorganised it into two union
territories – Jammu and Kashmir in the west and Ladakh in the east, with effect
from 31 October 2019. At the time of its dissolution, Jammu and Kashmir was
the only state in India with a Muslim-majority population.
Waterfalls in Jammu and Kashmir
Beauty of JAMMU AND KASHMIR
 Panamik Hot Water Spring

Located about 150 km. north from Leh near the Nubra
Valley is the small village of Panamik. It is the final frontier
village in proximity to the Indo-Tibetian border and is also
the last village up to which foreigners are allowed entry
within the country. At an altitude of 3183 metres, it is
popular for it’s hot water springs. While there are other
hot water springs in the country such as Manikraran and
Bakreshwar in West Bengal, Panamik is renowned for
being one of the only hot water spring village in the
country. 
 tattapani hot spring in Kalakote

The water emanating from the Tattapani Spring appears very

hot even close to boiling point. People from far and near come
here to take bath in this spring, which is believed to cure many
bone and joint ailments and skin diseases. The water contains a
lot of minerals, especially phosphorus compounds. The number
of visitors increases greatly in winter. The healthy climate, thick
forests and enchanting view of surrounding hill add its scenic
and natural beauty. A PWD rest house and a local rest house
called Sarai offer comfortable accommodation in the vicinity.
 Flora In jammu and kashmir

In Jammu, the flora ranges from the thorn bush type

of the arid plain to the temperate and alpine flora of
the higher altitudes. Of the broad-leaf trees, there are
maple, horse chestnuts, silver fir, etc. At the higher
altitudes, there are birch, rhododendron, and a large
number of herbal plants. Kashmir is also resplendent
with many hues of wood and game. The most
magnificent of the Kashmir trees is the chinar which is
found throughout the valley. Mountain ranges in the
valley have dense deodar, pine and fir. Walnut, willow,
almond and cider also add to the rich flora of Kashmir.
 FAUNA IN JAMMU AND kashmir

In the hilly regions of Doda,

Udhampur, Poonch and Rajouri,
there is a large and varied fauna
including leopard, cheetah and deer,
wild sheep, bear, brown musk shrew,
and muskrat. Varieties of snakes,
bats, lizards and frogs are also found
in the region.
 FAUNA IN JAMMU AND kashmir
The game birds in Jammu include chakor (Alectorisgrace),
snow partridge, pheasants, and peacock. The dense
forests of Kashmir are a delight to the sport lovers and
adventurers for whom there are ibex, snow leopard, musk
deer, wolf, red bear, black bear and leopard. The winged
game includes ducks, goose, partridge, chakor, pheasant,
wagtails, herons, water pigeons, warblers, and doves. In
the otherwise arid desert of Ladakh, some 240 species of
local and migratory birds have been identified including
the black-necked crane. The Ladakh fauna includes yak,
Himalayan ibex, Tibetan antelope, snow leopard, wild ass,
red bear and gazelle.
mountains and highest peaks in Jammu
and Kashmir
 Pir Panjal Range
The Pir Panjal Range is a set of mountains that
lie inside the Inner Himalayan region, from
east-southeast to west-northwest across the
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir
where the average elevation varies from 1,400
m (4,600 ft) to 4,100 m (13,500 ft). It is the
largest range of the lower Himalayas that is
positioned close to the bank of the Sutlej River.
The Gulmarg in Kashmir lies on this range.
 Pir Panjal Range
It separates Kashmir valley from the outer Himalayas
and is about 2621Kms in length and 50Kms in breadth.
The well-known Banihal bypass (2832mts) lies inside
the form of a tunnel on its peak, it stays covered with
snow during winter. ‘Jawahar Tunnel’ has been built
here which has a height of 2200mts above sea level.
The tunnel is 2825mts long and it changed into opened
for site visitors on twenty-second Dec 1956. On the
alternative end of this range lie Baramula bypass
(1582mts) and Hajipir skips (2750mts). During 1965
Indo-Pak conflict, the Indian military had occupied this
pass. Later on, it was surpassed over to Pakistan.
 Karakoram (8615 M) and Kyunlun Ranges

Both mountain ranges lie to the north and north-

east of the State and separate it from Russian
Turkistan and Tibet. The Karakoram is the biggest
mountain range throughout the borders of
Pakistan, India, and China located in the regions
of Gilgit – Baltistan, Ladakh and Xinjiang
location. It is one of the Greater Ranges of Asia, a
part of the extra Himalaya whilst north of the
actual Himalaya Range.
 Karakoram (8615 M) and
Kyunlun Ranges
The Karakoram is home to the very best
awareness of peaks over 8000m in peak to be
discovered anywhere on earth inclusive of K2, the
second highest height of the world (8,611
m/28,251 ft). People of Ladakh pass through
Karakoram pass (5352mts) and Nubra bypass
(5800mts) whilst going to Chinese Turkistan and
Khattan. One can attain Tibet from Ladakh
through Khardungla bypass (5557mts) and
Changla pass (5609mts).
 Affarwat Gulmarg valley
This Mountain spreads via the Gulmarg valley. It lies on its
peak, from which Nullah Nagal comes out and flows down
into the Wular Lake. It is the world’s maximum gondola
ski-carry which gives a wide-ranging experience. The
ropeway stretching connects Kongdoori valley with
Afarwat. It’s the world’s highest cable car the use of
gondolas and the simplest one within the world that takes
skiers and tourists to a peak of 4,390 m. Afarwat is well-
known for winter sports inclusive of snowboarding. It
additionally offers a splendid view of the Kashmir Valley
and the Himalayan range. You can also visit Alpather Lake,
which typically stays frozen until June. The Lake lies
throughout the Apharwat peak.
 Religions in jammu and
kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir has
a Muslim majority population. Though
Islam is practiced by about 67% of the
population of the state and by 97% of
the population of the Kashmir valley,
the state has large communities
of Buddhists, Hindus (inclusive of Megh
Bhagats) and Sikhs.
 Culture in jammu and kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir: Official Portal.

Ladakh is famous for its unique Indo-
Tibetan culture. Chanting in Sanskrit and
Tibetan language forms an integral part
of Ladakh's Buddhist lifestyle. Annual
masked dance festivals, weaving and
archery are an important part of
traditional life in Ladakh.
 Heritage in jammu and
kashmir
The built heritage of Jammu dates back to
the 2nd century AD. Evidences of these are
the Buddhist Stupa at Ambaran near
Akhnoor, ninth to tenth century AD Temples
at Krimchi, Babor and ancient Forts, Palaces
and temples built in the middle ages. The
important historical and heritage sites of
Jammu are:
 Amar Mahal Palace
Amar Mahal Palace is the architectural gem located on
the National Highway towards Srinagar. Built like a
French Chateau on a hill overlooking the river Tawi, is a
beautiful palace of red sand stone which stands amidst
most picturesque horizons of Jammu. Once the
residential palace of Raja Amar Singh, the palace has
been converted into a museum and is looked after by
Hari-Tara Charitable Trust. The museum has the golden
throne on which Maharaja used to sit, which is made
up of 120 kg pure gold. The museum has a gallery of
paintings and a library in which about 25,000 books on
various subjects and disciplines have been presented.
 Bahu Fort
The ancient Bahu Fort in Jammu is believed to be
originally built by Raja Bahu Lochan about 3,000
years ago. It was refurbished by the Dogra rulers in
the 19th century. The fort is a religious place and
within its precincts is a temple dedicated to the
Hindu goddess Kali, the presiding deity of Jammu.
The temple is known locally as the “Bawey Wali
Mata temple”. Just beneath the fort is the terraced
Bagh-e-Bahu Garden laid in the style of Mughal
gardens which affords panoramic view of the
Jammu city and underground fish aquarium.
 Akhnoor Fort
The Fort was built during the early 19th century and commands a
towering view along the right bank of the Chenab. The present fort was
probably started in 1762 AD at the behest of Raja Tegh Singh, as an
autonomous principle state. A devastating famine is said to have broken
in the country during this time. In order to provide work to his famishing
people Raj Tegh Singh started the construction of Akhnoor Fort and
Palace on banks of the Chenab River. He supplied food to the workers for
2 years and thus saved the principality His son Alam Singh completed the
Akhnoor fort in 1802. On the eastern side, there are steps leading down
to the River Chenab. Though constructed in the 18th century, most of the
steps are in a good state of preservation. The ghat served as the
important spot for performance of religious sites by the people of the
region. The turrets or Burj are still intact is called the Kishore Singh Burj
after Maharaja Gulab Singh’s father who was a close associate of Guru
Gobind Singh the 10th Sikh Guru. There are traces of paintings on the
walls of the rooms of the fort.
 Ambaran
Ambaran ,also locally known as Pambaran, is a village of Akhnoor
tehsil in Jammu district and is said to have been founded by Amba
Jagdev Pawar . A scion of Pawar dynasty of Dhar Ujjain which
seems to have been the original capital of Akhnoor. It was named
Ambari after the family diety Amba, one of the names of goddess
Durga. The name got changed gradually into Ambaran. Ambaran is
the eighth place in the world, where relics of Buddha have been
found in a stupa. Historians are of the opinion that the place might
have been an important centre of Buddhism between the 1st and
7th century B.C. A cultural sequence of four historical periods has
already been unraveled at Ambaran. It is believed to be the only
early Buddhist site in Jammu region. Excavations have unearthed
terracotta figures, small sculptures, pottery and brunt brick
structures dating back to pre Kushan and post Gupta period.
Festivals that are celebrated on
jammu and kashmir
•Urs or Ziarats
•Eid ul Azha and Eid ul Fitr
•Hemis
•Baisakhi
•Tulip Festival
•Shikara Festival
•Gurez Festival
•Lohri
 Urs or Ziarats
The Urs or Ziarats is an important festival in
Kashmir which witnesses participation from
Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. It is a huge inter-
communal celebration and is celebrated many
times in a year. Basically, this festival is celebrated
on the death anniversaries of eminent Muslim
saints like Meesha Sahib, Batamol Sahib and
Bahauddin. Often a bad weather is faced on the
day of Urs celebrations, despite which a huge
celebration is marked by people from all religions.
 Eid ul Azha
Eid ul Azha or Bakra Eid is
celebrated in the second half of
the year when a goat, camel or a
sheep is sacrificed in every
Muslim Household. It takes its
origin from their principle of
Kurbani or Sacrifice.
 Eid Ul Fitr

Eid Ul Fitr is celebrated on the last day

of a month-long fasting in Ramzan or
Ramadan. Namaz is offered six times on
this day and fast is broken with feasting.
Exchange of sweets and wearing new
clothes, meeting relatives and sharing
wishes completes this peaceful festival. 
 Hemis
Hemis Gompa is the largest and richest monastery in
Kashmir, located in Ladakh where Hemis is celebrated with
full pomp and show. This day is declared as the state
holiday. It is celebrated to commemorate the birth
anniversary of Padmasambhava who is known as the
founder of Tibetan Buddhism. Celebrated for two days in
the fifth month of the year, also called Tibetan lunar
month, the festivities take place in a large courtyard of this
monastery. Men get dressed up in traditional attires and
women also wear heavy jewellery and headgears. The
Lamas perform 'Chaam' dance which is their traditional
dance on the beats of drums and horns and cymbals. 
 Baisakhi

Baisakhi is celebrated throughout the country on

the 13th of April and is a prominent festival of the
Sikhs. The day is celebrated as the New Year by
Sikhs in India. This date embarks the harvesting
season in India. This festival witnesses
humongous celebrations in the state of Kashmir,
because of the population of Sikhs in the region.
Especially the embarking of harvesting season in
Northern India has huge cultural relevance to the
Sikhs of Kashmir.
 Tulip Festival
With hundreds of Tulip Gardens in all of Kashmir, the
state flourishes with Tulips during the spring season.
With the largest Tulip Garden in Asia in its
bounty, Srinagar plays host to the great Tulip Festival
every year. The festival boasts of the variety of Tulips
garnered here. During the springs, the sight of the tulips
in any of these gardens is a sight to behold, undoubtedly
a mesmerizing and breathtaking sight, especially for a
non-Kashmiri. Tulip Festival takes place at the Indira
Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden in Srinagar, Kashmir. The
festival features a showcase of local handicrafts,
luscious cuisine, cultural programs and of course, Tulips!