Presentation

on

Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substation

Date of Presentation: 27.10.2020 Presented by: Sarah Biswal

Course Title: Substation Engineering (A2324617026)
Program: B. Tech. - EEE Manish Kumar
Semester: VII (A2324617027)

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 What are IEDs
• Intelligent Electronic Device or IED is a term used in the
electric power industry to describe microprocessor-based
controllers of power system equipment, such as circuit
breakers, transformers and capacitor banks.
• IEDs receive data from sensors and power equipment and
can issue control commands, such as tripping circuit
breakers if they sense voltage, current,
or frequency anomalies, or raise/lower voltage levels in
order to maintain the desired level.
• IEDs are a key component of substation integration and
automation technology.

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• Apart from its application in power system IEDs are also
used in the areas like-
• Metallurgical process plants
• Environmental control instruments
• Pharmaceutical manufacturing
• Food and food processing
• Sewage treatment plants
• Quality control
• Automotive manufacturing
• Mining

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• These electronic devices can communicate through several
different protocols, such as through real-time Ethernet or
Fieldbus, a digital communication method.
• IEDs can be found in many processes and industrial control
systems such as DCS and SCADA.
• Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have been deployed
extensively in power automation systems.
• The shift from RTUs to IEDs is evident due to the integration
and interoperability features of the IEDs.

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 Diagram and Interfacing
• The diagram below contains all possible electrical interfacing
of an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED).

• Human Machine Interfacing (HMI)

Almost all IEDs are equipped with Human-Machine Interface (HMI) software
for commissioning and fault diagnosis. Besides that, most IEDs are also
provided with a keypad and a display, or it is optional available.
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 Types of IEDs
• According to area of use, different types of IED are listed
below:-
• 1.Used in generating station:- For generating station reverse
power protection, generator protection, exciter supply control,
etc. must be provided in the IEDs. E.g.  REG 670
• 2.Used for transmission substation:- For transmission line
substation IEDs are able to communicate directly with each
other like IED placed at sending end able to communicate
with IED placed at receiving end directly. E.g. REB 670
• 3.Used for distribution substation:- For distribution substation
IED is specially used for on line voltage regulator and for
power factor correction. e.g. RET 670

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• According to work performed, IEDs are of following types:-

•  Digital protective relaying devices

• On Load Tap Changer controllers
• Circuit breaker controllers
• Capacitor bank switches
• Recloser controllers
• Voltage regulators

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 Functions of an IED
• The basic functions of an IED includes following:
• Protection:- The protection functions of the IED evolved
from the basic over current and earth fault protection
functions of the feeder protection relay.  IED consist of
different types of protection system according to its
application or use. e.g. Over current, Harmonic,
Differential protection, Over temperature etc.
• Control:- IED can be use as
• Power Factor Controller
• auto voltage controller
• by controller etc.
Also IED can be controlled by operator from any
remote place either in normal condition as well as in
abnormal condition. 8
 • Metering:-IED continuously records all data of electrical
parameter consist of Active power, Reactive power also
measures energy (KWH) consumed by the consumer.

• Communication:-  IED’s are able to communicate with

multiple channels at a time. It continuously sends data
to system server which consists of all electrical and
physical parameter.
By the use of IEC 61850 protocol two different IED’s are
able to communicate with each other.

• Monitoring:- IED continuously monitor different

parameter like four input voltage from PT’s, current
from CT’s, power factor, and frequency.

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Functional Overview of IED 10
• The growth in the number of IEDs has resulted a significant increase in
the volume of substation data. This data is usually primitive and stored
in a digital form.
• It has to be processed and analyzed before any user is able to utilize the
benefit of it.
• In modern protection system utilizing an IED relay. The connection may
look similar except that the interconnection wiring between transducers
and meters is no longer required for the IED relay.
• The data and control signals from the IED relay are sent directly to the
SCADA system via the high-speed dedicated communication network.
• The volume of data increases drastically when an IED is used as the
control element and data source.

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 IEC 61850 – IED Communication
Protocol
• IEC 61850 is a standard for the design of electrical
substation automation. It is a part of the International
Electrotechnical Commission's(IEC) reference architecture
for electric power systems.
• Its main advantages are:
• Simple substation structure: No more interface problems.
With IEC 61850, protocol diversity and integration problems
are a thing of the past.
• Reduction of costs: IEC 61850 replaces wiring between
feeders, control switches, and signaling devices.
• More reliability: Now we only use one communication
channel for all data – in real time, synchronized via Ethernet.
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Video 1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0dSKG560Xc
&t=286s

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 Smart Grid Applications-IEDs
• In the Smart Grid, protection engineers should be provided with
advanced tools to execute event analysis more effectively making sure
the system is restored as quickly as possible.
• Since the manual event analysis is a time consuming process, this IED
proposes a scheme for real-time automated collecting, analyzing,
archiving, and displaying of Substation Intelligent Electronic Device
(IED) data generated during a power system events.
• How the relevant information is extracted to generate a customized
report, especially considering protection engineers' needs is discussed.
Several intelligent IED data analysis application tools are incorporated
for the purpose of effective IED data processing.

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• A software application named “Report Generator”
is developed for the purpose of data integration and
information exchange to create the report with a
predefined format.
• A simulation case is given for more detailed
description of the automation process. This solution
ensures high efficiency in root-course analysis
aimed at understanding and trouble-shooting relay
operations, resulting in improved reliability of
power system operation

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Video 2
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB_8ylOpZZw

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 CASE STUDY
IEDs Expand Substation Automation Capabilities
ABB Power T&D Inc

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 SUBSTATION AUTOMATION
• Substation automation refers to using data from intelligent
electronic devices (IEDs) control & automation capabilities
within the substation and control commands from remote
users to control power system devices.
• The principal standard for the substation automation is with
invoke of IEC 61850. This deals with the perquisite
parameters of substation automation.

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What Makes Substation Automation “New?
• The combination of microprocessor-based devices and communications
technology creates the ability to obtain more information about the power system
and the equipment being used.
• Specialized sensors and transducers are used to build a database relating to
equipment condition and use; so that analysis techniques can be used to
determine equipment condition and/or base maintenance activities on actual
condition rather than time schedules.
• Complex schemes for dead bus and dead line reclosing can be implemented, with
the sequence being based on actual power-system conditions that exist at the
time.
• Load transfers between busses and transformers can be made to protect against
transformer overloads.
• Supplementary measurements and inputs can be used to re-energize automatic
equipment after a transformer or bus differential.

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 DRIVING SUBSTATION
AUTOMATION

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• Somewhat less tangible objectives include improved efficiency,
improved system reliability, improved power quality and improved
customer service.
• Open access, sometimes referred to as wholesale and retail wheeling,
creates a number of requirements for additional information about the
power system.
• The objective of open access is to maximize the electric power system`s
capabilities without violating any stability or equipment operation limits.
• Some states and the federal government are mandating the use of
independent system operators to control the operation and use of the
power system in a safe and reliable manner.
• It can be expected that the ISO will demand more and better data in
order to ensure that maximum benefits of open access are obtained
without creating undue risk of blackouts or other system operating
problems.

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 SUBSTATION AUTOMATION AND DATA
VOLUME
• In addition to real-time data, the IED can provide sets of maximum and
minimum values of currents, kW and kvar, consisting of magnitudes,
dates and times.
• Finally, non-real-time data available includes up to 32 fault records, 128
operations records, 3,840 load profile records and over 14,000 waveform
samples.
• Considering real-time values only, the numbers in Table 1 would apply
to a 10-feeder substation, not even counting incoming lines or
transformers.
• Even by ignoring all other data, the potential data to be transmitted and
the SCADA database are at least 10 times larger when IEDs are used as
the data source.

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 SUBSTATION CHECKOUT
• It is standard practice to perform a detailed end-to-end check to verify
that all variables in the SCADA database are correctly linked to displays,
have the correct limits and that the correct substation devices operate
when selected by the dispatcher.
• The complexities of getting an IED to generate the desired test result,
especially in light of the increased amount of data, requires a different
method for performing the tests.
• New IEDs will allow a technician, or a remote program, to inject a
numerical value into the communications registers of the IED, and that
value is then transmitted to the SCADA master.
• Using these techniques will make it possible to check out the SCADA
database in a rapid and efficient manner.

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• This is not only desirable, it may be essential, in order to cope with the problems
associated with open access and open wheeling. Utilities should be able to do a
more precise job of contingency selection and evaluation.
• Contingency avoidance techniques can be optimized for minimum cost or risk.
• New techniques may make real-time voltage and system stability calculations a
reality.
• Finally, the advent of IEDs makes the goal of corporate-wide access to data a
reality.
• New methods for accessing this data appear to be moving towards the web
browser techniques.
• The only serious problem is that of secure access.
• If access to the IED database is via a SA system, firewalls and other security
techniques can be incorporated into the SA system to provide a good level of
security.

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Video 3
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xruoMnO_9
o

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 THANK YOU

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