IOT BASED

SMART ENERGY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
using Pzem-004t Sensor &
Node MCU
INTRODUCTION
Electricity: A Vital Necessity
Electricity has become indispensable for daily life, serving domestic, industrial, and
agricultural needs.

ElChallenges with Existing Systems

• Time-consuming manual processes for energy monitoring and management.
• Issues such as manpower requirements, energy theft, and inefficient load management
persist.

Introducing IoT-Based Smart Energy Meters

• Smart meters revolutionize energy management by leveraging IoT technology.
• These meters enable efficient reading, billing, and control of energy consumption.
• Smart meters facilitate two-way communication, providing real-time data to users and
detecting power outages promptly.

Advantages of Smart Meters

• Minimal components required for data collection, reducing complexity.
• Real-time monitoring and remote control capabilities enhance user convenience.
• Enables remote switching on/off of loads via IoT integration.
INTRODUCTION
Proposed System Overview
• Utilizing PIR sensor, relay, NodeMCU, and PZEM-004T sensor module for home energy
monitoring and control.
• Objective: Efficient energy consumption monitoring and management to mitigate high
billing.

PZEM-004T Sensor Module

• Measures various parameters including voltage, current, power, power factor, energy
consumption, and frequency.
• Data transmitted to server via NodeMCU for analysis and management.

PIR Sensor Integration

Detects human presence for enhanced load management and energy efficiency.

In Summary
• The proposed system aims to modernize energy management, offering real-time
monitoring and control capabilities.
• Integration of IoT technologies enables efficient energy consumption management,
contributing to cost savings and sustainability.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Choi et al. (2017)
• Proposed IoT energy monitoring with LoRa and renewables forecasting.
• Lacks detail on data acquisition and power calculation.
Hiremath et al. (2017)
• Designed Arduino-based energy meter for Wi-Fi data transmission.
• Limited discussion on data and methodology.
Medina et al. (2018)
• Explored IoT energy consumption using Raspberry Pi.
• Utilized Android app for data display, variable accuracy noted.

Prasetyo et al. (2019)

• Studied Smart Home energy monitoring in Indonesia.
• Used cloud-based IoT, Arduino, sensors, and relays.
• Output remained at the design stage, lacking implementation details.
Key Points
• Diverse IoT energy monitoring approaches.
• Emphasis on efficiency and accessibility.
• Gaps in data acquisition and implementation details.
• Further research needed for practical application.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
Introduction:
Electricity is vital, but costly energy consumption poses challenges.
System Overview:
• Enables load control based on user-defined tariffs.
• Users customize tariffs to match budgets, adjusting as needed.
• Automation reduces unnecessary consumption, saving money.
Key Components:
• PZEM 004t meter
• Node MCU for data transmission
• Relay for load control
• Display for interface
• SMPS for power
• PIR sensor for occupancy Fig : Proposed System, wiring diagram

Conclusion:
• Offers user-friendly energy monitoring and cost-effective load management.
• Integration of key components enables efficient energy control and cost reduction.
COMPONENTS OVERVIEW
PZEM 004T
• Fig 2: PZEM 004T
• Used for measuring voltage, current, power, and energy.
• Features serial TTL interface and overload detection function.
Node MCU
• Fig 3: NodeMCU Fig: : PZEM 004T, (source: PZEM-004T
V3.0 User Manual)
• Integrated wifi support for IoT applications.
• Built on ESP8266 chip, programmable with Arduino IDE.
Relay
• Fig 4: 2 Channel 5V Relay
• Controls electrical connections with VCC, Gnd, and control inputs.

Display
Fig : NodeMCU
• Fig 5: 16*2 LCD Display
• Utilizes i2c communication interface, requires VCC, GND, SDA, SCL pins.

SMPS
• Fig 6: SMPS
• Switch mode power supply for regulated DC output.
• Efficient and low power loss compared to transformer-based supplies.

Fig : 2 Channel 5 volt Relay

COMPONENTS OVERVIEW
PIR Sensor
• Fig 7: PIR Sensor
• Detects motion with infrared radiation.
• Compact, affordable, and easy to use.

Fig : 16*2 LCD Display Fig : SMPS Fig : PIR sensor

WORKING
• Energy flows from ELCB to MCB, then to load via relay.
• 2 PIR sensors detect human presence.
• Real-time data from PZEM-004T to NodeMCU, viewable on LCD display and serial port.
• Closed relays used; data pushed to server via HTTP protocol.
• Firebase server utilized for easy relay control and real-time data viewing.
• Web development with Python Django framework; MIT App Inventor for mobile interface.

RESULT
• System architecture based on PZEM004T energy meter, NodeMCU, PIR sensor, and Firebase
server.
• Accurate readings of electrical parameters (voltage, current, frequency) verified.
• Data transmitted to Firebase every 10 seconds for real-time monitoring.
• System aids in identifying voltage fluctuations and peak energy usage times.
• Graphical visualization of real-time energy data provided.
• Wi-Fi module ensures efficient power usage.
• Graph displays voltage, current, power on left axis; power factor on right axis.
• Orange line indicates power factor; product of current and voltage shown in blue.
 Fig : Real-time energy data visualization
Fig : Mobile Application
THANK YOU