Team:B.

TECH (CSE 2018-2022)

Channel :DBMS

Data Independence
By Navdeep Kaur
Assistant Professor
Computer Science Department
Data Independence
 Data Independence

 Data Independence is defined as a property of

DBMS that helps you to change the Database
schema at one level of a database system without
requiring to change the schema at the next higher
level
 Need of Data Independence

Data independence helps you to keep data

separated from all programs that make use of
it.
 Types of Data Independence

 Logical data independence

 Physical data independence
Levels of Data Base Abstraction
Levels of Data Base Abstraction
 Logical Data Independence

 Logical Data Independence is the ability to change the conceptual scheme

without changing
External views
External API or programs

 Logical data independence is used to separate the external level from the
conceptual view.
 If we do any changes in the conceptual view of the data, then the user view
of the data would not be affected.
 Logical data independence occurs at the user interface level.
 Logical Data Independence

Examples
Due to Logical independence, any of the below change will not affect the external
layer.
 Add/Modify/Delete a new attribute, entity or relationship
 Merging two records into one
 Breaking an existing record into two or more records
 Physical Data Independence

 Physical data independence can be defined as the capacity to change the internal
schema without having to change the conceptual schema.
 If we do any changes in the storage size of the database system server, then the
Conceptual structure of the database will not be affected.
 Physical data independence is used to separate conceptual levels from the internal
levels.
 Physical data independence occurs at the logical interface level.
 Physical Data Independence

Example:
 Using a new storage device like Hard Drive or Magnetic
Tapes
 Change of Location of Database from say C drive to D
Drive
Importance of Data Independence

 Database system maintenance becomes affordable

 Enforcement of standards and improvement in database
security
 Permit developers to focus on the general structure of the
Database rather than worrying about the internal
implementation
 Data Independence

When compared to Physical Data independence,

it is challenging to achieve logical data
independence.
Be Passionate and Be creative