P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department
We learn this course as Gas dynamics for
Propulsion Course Overview
• This undergraduate level course teaches the principles of
jet propulsion. • The primary focus of the course is on the teaching of thermodynamics and Gas dynamics in aircraft engines. • The course provides information that will enable the engineering analysis of • ramjets and turbine engines and • its separate components including inlets, nozzles, combustion chambers, compressors, and turbines. Course Objectives • Students successfully completing MEL 341 will get: • A basic understanding of thermodynamic cycles of jet engines. • A basic understanding of the compressible fluid flow in inlets and compressors and turbines. • A basic understanding of the combustion physics in combustion chambers. • A basic understanding of the rational behind several types of jet engines. • The ability to analyze jet engines; determine propulsion efficiency and design inlets and nozzles. Course Contents • UNIT- I: PROPULSION • Aircraft Propulsion – introduction -- Early aircraft engines -- Types of aircraft engines -- Reciprocating internal combustion engines -- Gas turbine engines -- Turbo jet engine -- Turbo fan engine -- Turbo-prop engine • Aircraft propulsion theory: thrust, thrust power, propulsive and overall efficiencies -- Problems. • UNIT- II: THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF IDEAL PROPULSION CYCLES • Thermodynamic analysis of turbojet engine – Study of subsonic and supersonic engine models -- Identification and Selection of optimal operational parameters. Need for further development – Analysis of Turbojet with after burner. • Thermodynamic analysis of turbofan engine – Study of subsonic and supersonic systems -- Identification and selection of optimal operational parameters. Design of fuel efficient engines – Mixed flow turbo fan engine – Analysis of Turbofan with after burner. • Thermodynamic analysis of turbo-prop engine – Identification and selection of optimal operational parameters. UNIT –III: GAS DYNAMICS OF PASSIVE COMPONENTS OF TURBO ENGINES • FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS DYNAMICS : Energy equation for a non-flow process -- Energy equation for a flow process -- The adiabatic energy equation -- Momentum Equation --Moment of Momentum equation -- Stagnation Velocity of Sound --Stagnation Pressure -- Stagnation Density -- Stagnation State -- Velocity of sound -- Critical states -- Mach number -- Critical Mach number -- Various regions of flow. • ANALYSIS OF DIFFUSERS AND NOZZLES: Introduction – study of intakes for subsonic and supersonic engines -- Comparison of isentropic and adiabatic processes -- Mach number variation -- Area ratio as function of Mach numbers -- Impulse function -- Mass flow rates -- Flow through nozzles -- Flow through diffusers – Effect of friction -- Analysis of intakes for supersonic engines – intakes with normal shock – oblique shocks – Study of special supersonic nozzles and diffusers. UNIT –IV: STUDY OF COMPRESSORS
• Design and Analysis of compressors – Classification –
analysis of centrifugal compressors – velocity triangles – design of impellers and diffusers – analysis of axial flow compressor – analysis of stage – characterization of stage – design of multistage axial flow compressor – Performances analysis of centrifugal and axial flow compressors. • • UNIT –V: GAS DYNAMICS OF COMBUSTORS • Stoichimetry of combustion – calculation air-fuel ratio – gas dynamics of combustors – thermal loading factors – design and selection of combustors. • UNIT –VI: STUDY OF TURBINES • Concept of gas turbine – analysis of turbine stage – velocity triangles and characterization of blades and stages – Design of multistage axial flow turbine – Performance analysis of turbines. • UNIT –VI: ADDITIONAL TOPICS • Thermodynamic analysis real turbo engine cycles – performance analysis and thermodynamic optimization. • Introduction to ramjets – study of rocket engines – study of missile engines. Books & References • Jet Propulsion: • Flack, R.D.., “Fundamentals of Jet Propulsion”, Cambridge University Press, 2005. • Baskharone, E.A., “Principles of Turbomachinery in Air-Breathing Engines”, Cambridge University Press, 2006. • Kerrebrock J.L., “Aircraft Engines and Gas Turbines”, MIT Press, 1992. • Mattingly, J.D., “Elements of Gas Turbine Propulsion”, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1996. • Gas Dynamics: • Anderson, J.D., “Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective”, McGrawHill, 2002. • Zuker, R.D., and Biblarz, O.,”Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2002. • Thompson, P. A. Compressible Fluid Dynamics. Maple Press Company, 1984. • Saad, M.A.,”Compressible Fluid Flow”, Prentice-Hall, 1993. • Liepmann, H., and A. Roshko. Elements of Gas Dynamics. John Wiley Publishers, 1957.
Turning and Boring
A specialized treatise for machinists, students in the industrial and engineering schools, and apprentices, on turning and boring methods, etc.