WHITE COLLAR CRIME

AND
LABOR EXPLOITATION
 What Is White Collar?
A white-collar worker belongs to a class of employees
known for earning higher average salaries doing highly
skilled work, but not by performing manual labor at
their jobs. White-collar workers historically have been
the "shirt and tie" set, defined by office jobs and
management, and not "getting their hands dirty."
• WHITE-COLLAR CRIME (OR CORPORATE CRIME ,
• MORE ACCURATELY) REFERS TO FINANCIALLY
MOTIVATED, NONVIOLENT CRIME COMMITTED BY
BUSINESSES AND GOVERNMENT PROFESSIONALS. IT WAS
FIRST DEFINED BY THE SOCIOLOGIST EDWIN
SUTHERLAND IN 1939 AS "A CRIME COMMITTED BY A
PERSON OF RESPECTABILITY AND HIGH SOCIAL STATUS IN
THE COURSE OF THEIR OCCUPATION". TYPICAL WHITE-
COLLAR CRIMES COULD INCLUDE WAGE THEFT, FRAUD,
BRIBERY, PONZI SCHEMES, INSIDER TRADING, LABOR
RACKETEERING, EMBEZZLEMENT, CYBERCRIME,
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT, MONEY LAUNDERING,
IDENTITY THEFT, AND FORGERY. LAWYERS CAN
SPECIALIZE IN WHITE-COLLAR CRIME.
 Exploitation of labour (or labor)
 Is the act of treating one's workers unfairly for one's own benefit.
It is a social relationship based on an asymmetry in a power
relationship between workers and their employers. When
speaking about exploitation, there is a direct affiliation with
consumption in social theory and traditionally this would label
exploitation as unfairly taking advantage of another person
because of his or her inferior position, giving the exploiter the
power.
 Examples of signs of exploitation, when employees:
 are required to do dangerous and unhealthy work;
 are required to work long hours;
 are paid too little, are not paid, or payment of their wages is postponed;
 do not have access to their own passports;
 are lured to the Netherlands under false promises;
 are mistreated, blackmailed, forced or threatened;
 are forced to pay off a large debt to the employer;
 do not have access to the money on their own bank account;
 are paid but the employer evades paying social security contributions and payroll taxes
for them;
 are not insured, for example against accidents;
 are housed in an industrial building or area, or are accommodated badly in another way;
 do not know the address of their own accommodation;
 are placed under pressure in another way.