HEALTH 8

3 Quarter
rd

IAN A. BERNARDINO
Baguio National School of Arts and Trades
Objectives:
 explain the chain of infection;
 discuss the stages of infection;
 create a short presentation showing the
chain/stages of infection;
 realize the importance of knowing the chain and
stages of infection for prevention.
Activity:

TAMA MALI
Tanggal ang Magkamali!
 Instructions:

You will be answering TAMA or MALI statements.

After I say “GO”, you have 10 seconds to stand behind the word
of your answer.
The student who will get the wrong answer will be eliminated
from the game.
The remaining students who will get the correct answer up to
the last question will be awarded with additional points.
TAMA Statement No. 1 MALI

Communicable Diseases
are diseases that do not
transfer from one person
to another.
TAMA Statement No. 2 MALI

Infectious Diseases
are also called as
Communicable Diseases.
TAMA Statement No. 3 MALI

Bacteria, fungi, and virus

are pathogens which cause
diseases to the host.
TAMA Statement No. 4 MALI

The most common

reservoir of pathogens is
the human body.
TAMA Statement No. 5 MALI

The links of the chain of

infection are cannot be
broken.
TAMA Statement No. 6 MALI

Coughing and sneezing are

direct modes of
transmission that causes
infection.
TAMA Statement No. 7 MALI

Tiredness, slight fever, and

runny nose are some of the
indications of Illness stage.
TAMA Statement No. 8 MALI

The diseases or infection is

still communicable in the
recovery stage.
TAMA Statement No. 9 MALI

HIV is a communicable
disease which can be
transferred by needle
pricking.
TAMA Statement No. 10 MALI

You cannot be infected

again with chicken pox if
you have been infected
already before.
 Analysis:
 How did you find the activity?
 Most of the questions are all about what?
 Were you able to get the correct answers honestly? How?
 Why have you eliminated from the game for the first three
questions?
 Out of the activity, were you able to draw out the topic for
today?
 Analysis:
 How did you find the activity?
 Most of the questions are all about what?
 Were you able to get the correct answers honestly? How?
 Why have you eliminated from the game for the first three
questions?
 Out of the activity, were you able to draw out the topic for
today?
CHAIN OF INFECTION
Infection

An invasion of microorganisms
into the body that are capable
of producing a disease.
 There are six links in the
chain of infection
PATHOGEN
SUSCEPTIB
RESERVOIR
LE HOST

CHAIN OF
INFECTION
PORTAL OF PORTAL OF
ENTRY EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N
 1. PATHOGEN
It is an organism with the
ability to cause disease.
“bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa,
parasitic worms, rickettsiae”
 2. RESERVOIR
It is a place within which
microorganisms can thrive and
reproduce.
“The most common reservoir
is the human body.”
3. PORTAL OF EXIT
It provides a way for a microorganism
to leave
the reservoir.
“through the nose, mouth,
body feces”
4. MODE OF
TRANSMISSION
It is the method by which the
organism moves from one host to
another.
“direct contact, indirect contact, air-borne,
food-borne,
water-borne, vector-borne”
5. PORTAL OF ENTRY
It is an opening allowing the
microorganism enter the host.

“body orifices, mucus membranes, breaks

in the skin”
They may enter through:

Respiratory System Gastrointestinal System

(inhalation) (ingestion)
 They may enter through:

Urinary and Reproductive

Tracts Breaks in the skin
(sexual contact)
6. THE SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST

It is a person who cannot resists a

microorganism invading its body.
 There are six links in the
chain of infection
PATHOGEN
SUSCEPTIB
RESERVOIR
LE HOST

CHAIN OF
INFECTION
PORTAL OF PORTAL OF
ENTRY EXIT
MODE OF
TRANSMISSIO
N
 STAGES OF
INFECTION
RECOVERY
STAGE
ILLNESS STAGE
PRODROMAL STAGE
INCUBATION STAGE
1. INCUBATION STAGE
It is when a person acquires the
pathogen until the appearance of the
first sign.

“silent stage”
2. PRODROMAL STAGE

It is when there are non-specific

signs and symptoms appearing.
“headache, runny nose,
slight fever”
3. ILLNESS or CLINICAL
STAGE

It is the time when illness reaches its

highest point of development.
“severe aches, vomiting,
high fever, sore throat,
sinus congestion”
4. RECOVERY or
CONVALESCENCE STAGE
This is the time when recovery seems
complete although the disease is still
communicable.
“pathogen has mostly eliminated”
APPLICATION

Group Presentation
Instructions:

 You will be grouped into 3 groups.

 You will create a short presentation based
on the task you have picked.
 Each group will be given 5 to 10 minutes to
prepare for the presentation.
 Instructions:
You will be rated according to the following criteria:
 Content – 10 pts.
 Presentation – 10 pts.
 Creativity – 5 pts.
 Member’s participation – 5 pts.
TOTAL = 30 points
TASK: ROLE PLAYING
 You will be portraying how a certain disease transfers
from one person to other.
 You will be following the links of the chain of infection.
 After the presentation, there will be a group
representative to explain what you have presented in
front.
 All members should have a role to portray.
TASK: POSTER MAKING

 You will be making a poster about the chain of

infection.
 You substitute the names of the links of the chain
of infection with symbols.
 There should have a group representative to
present your output.
TASK: NEWS CASTING
 There will be students who will act as news
reporters in front of the class.
 Members of the group should make a simple
script to report by the reporters.
 The script should be about the stages of
infection.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

1. These are diseases which are

transferred from one person to
another.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

2. What is the disease-causing

microorganism that attack the
body and infect cells?
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

3. This is the interval between

entrance of pathogen into the
body to the appearance of first
symptoms.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

4. It is the route of escape of the

pathogen from the reservoir.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

5. The stage of infection wherein

the illness reaches its highest
point of development.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Arrange the following processes in

chronological order. Write letters A to
E on the space provided before each
number.
(A is 1 step, B 2 step, so on..)
st nd
 EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ
_____ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
_____ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
_____ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
_____ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
_____ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
 The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …
_____ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
_____ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
_____ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
_____ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
_____ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Let’s check!
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

1. These are diseases which are

transferred from one person to
another.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Correct Answer:
1. Communicable Diseases
or Infectious Diseases
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

2. What is the disease-causing

microorganism that attack the
body and infect cells?
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Correct Answer:
2. Pathogen
(Causative Agent)
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

3. This is the interval between

entrance of pathogen into the
body to the appearance of first
symptoms.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Correct Answer:
3. Incubation Stage
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

4. It is the route of escape of the

pathogen from the reservoir.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Correct Answer:
4. Portal of Exit
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

5. The stage of infection wherein

the illness reaches its highest
point of development.
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Correct Answer:
5. Illness Stage
or Clinical Stage
EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ

Arrange the following processes in

chronological order. Write letters A to
E on the space provided before each
number.
(A is 1 step, B 2 step, so on..)
st nd
 EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ
_____ 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
_____ 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
symptoms appear.
_____ 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
pathogen.
_____ 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
signs and symptoms appearing.
_____ 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
of the sick person slowly go down.
 EVALUATION: PEN AND PAPER
QUIZ
E 6. Convalescence stage is recovery stage.
_____
C 7. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and
_____
symptoms appear.
A 8. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the
_____
pathogen.
B 9. Prodromal stage is when there are non-specific
_____
signs and symptoms appearing.
D 10. Decline stage time when the signs and symptoms
_____
of the sick person slowly go down.
 The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …
_____ 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
Transmission.
_____ 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
object. When the pathogen
_____ 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
resistance is the next victim.
_____ 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
pathogen is
_____ 15. The organism enters then the body through a
Portal of Entry and the
 The chain of infection starts when a
pathogen lives in …
C 11. passed through a direct or indirect Mode of
_____
Transmission.
A 12. reservoir which can be a living or non-living
_____
object. When the pathogen
E 13. Susceptible Host if one who has a low immunity
_____
resistance is the next victim.
B 14. leaves the reservoir through a Portal of Exit, the
_____
pathogen is
D 15. The organism enters then the body through a
_____
Portal of Entry and the
 ASSIGNMENT
Now that you have understood the stages of infection,
choose the stage where you think is the best stage to
CUT from the flow of infection and explain why you
chose that stage. Write your answer in a ¼ sheet of
paper. 
Research also on the internet the 6 kinds of pathogens
and list 3 examples of diseases that are caused by those
pathogens.