REVIEW 2014 – 0011B

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES IN DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY and DISTRIBUTION: PIPE SIZE

CALCULATION in DIRECT PRESSURE SYSTEM for
RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES

Based on the provisions of the

National Plumbing Code of the
Philippines

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 1. Secure the following Data:
 Pressure at Water Main
 Total Fixture Load in the system
measured in Water Supply Fixture Units
(WSFU). Use Table 1.0
 Estimate Water Demand based on
the predominant flushing mechanism
used. Use Chart A-2 and A-3 or Table
2.1 or Table 2.2
 Type of fixture being considered as
the topmost fixture
 Height of the topmost fixture
measured from the street level
 Length of piping measured from the
water main up to the farthest and
topmost fixture.
 Fixture pressure requirement of the
topmost fixtures
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU
A 1.1 Obtain the necessary information
regarding the minimum daily service
pressure in the area where the building
is to be located.
A 1.3 Obtain all available local
information regarding the use of
different kinds of pipe with respect both
to durability and to decrease in capacity
with length of service in the particular
water supply.
Section 607.1 The minimum pressure
at water main shall be 103 kPa (15 psi).
Section 607.2 The maximum pressure
at the water main shall be 551 kPa
(80 psi).
 This table is taken
Table 1.0 EQUIVALENT *WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (WSFU) from Table 6-5 in the
Number of Water Supply Fixture Units (WSFU) National Plumbing
Code of the
Private Use Public Use Philippines, page 73.
Type of Fixture Also, Table A-1 in
“Annex A” of the
Code, page 167 is
Bar Sink 1 2 similar (with the
addition of Minimum
Bathtub (with or without Shower over) 2 4 Connections for Cold
Bidet 2 4 water and Hot
Water).
Drinking Fountain (each faucet) 1 2
Hose Bibb 3 5
Laundry Tub or Clothes Washer 2 4
Lavatory 1 2
Shower (each head) 2 4
Sink (kitchen) or dishwasher 2 4
Urinal (wall or stall type) - 5
Water Closet – Flush Tank 3 5
Water Closet – Flush Valve: 19mm 3 6
Water Closet – Flush Valve: 25mm 6 10

*Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) – is a numerical weighing factor to account for the water demand of various
plumbing fixtures, using the lavatory (for private use) as 1 WSFU. It is just an index number meant to put all fixtures
on a common basis.
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU
 A 2.1 Estimate the
supply demand for
the building main
and the principal
branches and risers
of the system by
totaling the fixture
units and then
reading the
corresponding
ordinate from Chart
A-2 or A-3, whichever
is applicable

This is found on page 172 of

the National Plumbing Code
of the Philippines

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

 This is found on page
173 of the National
Plumbing Code of
the Philippines

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

TABLE 2.1 ESTIMATING WATER DEMAND This is not from the Plumbing Code of the Philippines

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS

LOAD IN WATER WATER DEMAND LOAD IN WATER WATER DEMAND
SUPPLY FIXTURE SUPPLY FIXTURE
UNITS (WSFU) Gallon per minute Liter per second UNITS (WSFU) Gallon per minute Liter per second

1 3.0 0.19 60 32.0 2.02

2 5.0 0.32 70 35.0 2.21
3 6.5 0.41 80 38.0 2.40
4 8.0 0.51 90 41.0 2.59
5 9.4 0.59 100 43.5 2.74
6 10.7 0.68 120 48.0 3.03
7 11.8 0.74 140 52.5 3.31
8 12.8 0.81 160 57.0 3.60
9 13.7 0.86 180 61.0 3.85
10 14.6 0.92 200 65.0 4.10
12 16.0 1.01 250 75.0 4.73
14 17.0 1.07 300 85.0 5.36
16 18.0 1.14 400 105.0 6.62
18 18.8 1.19 500 124.0 7.82
20 19.6 1.24 750 170.0 10.73
25 21.5 1.36 1000 208.0 13.12
30 23.3 1.47 1250 239.0 15.08
35 24.9 1.57 1500 269.0 16.97
40 26.3 1.66 2000 325.0 20.50
45 27.7 1.76 2500 380.0 23.97
50 29.1 1.84 3000 433.0 27.32
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU
TABLE 2.2 ESTIMATING WATER DEMAND This is not from the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH VALVES

LOAD IN WATER WATER DEMAND LOAD IN WATER WATER DEMAND
SUPPLY FIXTURE SUPPLY FIXTURE
UNITS (WSFU) Gallon per minute Liter per second UNITS (WSFU) Gallon per minute Liter per second

1 - - 60 54.0 3.41
2 - - 70 58.0 3.66
3 - - 80 61.2 3.86
4 - - 90 64.3 4.06
5 15.0 0.95 100 67.5 4.26
6 17.4 1.10 120 73.0 4.61
7 19.8 1.25 140 77.0 4.86
8 22.2 1.40 160 81.0 5.11
9 24.6 1.55 180 85.5 5.39
10 27.0 1.70 200 90.0 5.68
12 28.6 1.80 250 101.0 6.37
14 30.2 1.91 300 108.0 6.81
16 31.8 2.01 400 127.0 8.01
18 33.4 2.11 500 143.0 9.02
20 35.0 2.21 750 177.0 11.17
25 38.0 2.40 1000 208.0 13.12
30 42.0 2.65 1250 239.0 15.08
35 44.0 2.78 1500 269.0 16.97
40 46.0 2.90 2000 325.0 20.50
45 48.0 3.03 2500 380.0 23.97
50 50.0 3.15 3000 433.0 27.32
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 TABLE 3.0 PROPER FLOW & PRESSURE REQUIRED DURING FLOW FOR DIFFERENT FIXTURES

FLOW PRESSURE FLOW

Step 2. Find the FIXTURE FITTING
kPa PSI Gallon/minute Liter/second
pressure required
in the system to Ordinary Lavatory Faucet 55 8 2.0 0.13
provide the Self-closing Lavatory Faucet 83 12 2.5 0.16
minimum fixture Sink Faucet ( 9 mm ) 69 10 3.5 0.22
pressure (A) for Sink Faucet ( 12 mm ) 35 5 4.5 0.28
the uppermost Drinking Fountain Jet 55 8 0.75 0.05
fixture. Washing Machine / Dishwasher 55 8 4.0 0.25
Laundry Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32
A3.1 Decide what is the
Bathtub Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32
desirable minimum pressure
that should be maintained at Shower Head ( 12 mm ) 83 12 5.0 0.32
the highest fixture in the supply
Ball Cock for Water Closet 104 15 3.0 0.19
system. If the highest group of
(Flush Tank)
the fixtures contains
flushometer valves, the pressure Flush Valve for Water Closet 104 15 27.0 1.70
for the group should not be less ( 19 mm )
than 103.42 kPa (15 psi). For Flush Valve for Water Closet 172 25 35.0 2.21
flush tank supplies, the available ( 25 mm )
pressure may not be less than
Flush Valve for Urinal ( 19 mm ) 104 15 15.0 0.95
55.16 kPa ( 8 psi).
Garden Hose,15m and Sill Cock 207 30 5.0 0.32

This is not from the National Plumbing Code

Step 3. Calculate the Static Head (B).

B = 9.79 kPa/m x (Height of uppermost fixture)

A 3.2 Determine the elevation in meters of the highest fixture or group of fixtures
above the water (street) main. Multiply this difference in elevation by 9.79. The result
is in the loss in static pressure in kPa.

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

 Step 4. Using the Demand Load, determine the Pressure Loss in the Water Meter (C).

A 1.2 If the building supply is

to be metered, obtain
information regarding friction
loss relative to the rate of flow
for meters in the range of sizes
likely to be used. Friction –loss
data can be obtained from
most manufacturers of water
meters. Friction losses for disk
type meters may be obtained
from Chart A-1.

This is found on page 165 of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 5. Calculate the Pressure Available (Pa) for friction loss in the supply pipes.

Pa = Pressure @ water main – (A+B+ C)

where: A = Minimum Fixture Pressure Requirement
B = Static Head
C= Pressure Loss @ water meter

A 3.3 Subtract the sum of loss in static pressure and the pressure to be maintained
at the highest fixture from the average minimum daily service pressure. The result
will be the pressure available for friction loss in the supply pipes, if no water meter is
used. If a meter is to be installed , the friction loss in the meter for the estimated
maximum demand should also be subtracted from the service pressure to determine
pressure loss available for friction loss in the supply pipes.

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 6. Determine the developed length (DL) of the supply pipe, including the
equivalent length of fittings (.DL’)

A 3.4 Determine the developed length of pipe from the water (street) main to
the highest fixture. If close estimates are desired, compute with the aid of Table
A-2; the equivalent length of pipe for all fittings in the line from the water (street)
main to the highest fixture and add the sum to the developed length.

Step 7. Calculate Total Equivalent Length (TEL) of the piping.

TEL = DL + DL’
where: DL = Length of the piping (horizontal and vertical) measured
from the water main up to the farthest and topmost fixture
DL’ = Equivalent length of fittings, if piping diagram is not
available, use 20 % to 50 % of DL

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

This is similar to Table A-2 on page 168 of the National Plumbing code of the Philippines

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 8. Calculate the Average Permissible Friction Loss per 100 meter length of pipe
(Pf).

Pf = (Pa ÷ TEL) 100

where: Pa = Pressure available for friction loss in the pipes
TEL = Total Effective Length of pipe

A 3.4 … The pressure available for friction loss in kPa divided by the developed length
of pipe from the water (street) main to the highest fixture times one hundred (100),
will be the average permissible friction loss per 30.4 m length of pipe.

Step 9. Using The Demand Load and the Average Permissible friction Loss (Pa)
determine an approximate pipe size that is closest to the velocity of 3 meters per
second. Use the Charts: A-5, A-6 and A-7

A 4.1 Knowing the permissible friction loss per 30.4 m of pipe and the total demand,
the diameter of the building supply pipe may be obtained from charts A-4, A-5, A-6, or
A-7, whichever is applicable. The diameter of the pipe on or next above the
coordinate point corresponding to the estimated total demand and the permissible
friction loss will be the size needed up to the first branch from the building supply
pipe.
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU
 If the water is hard or corrosive, Charts A-6 and A-7 will be
For ferrous pipes with only the most favorable water
applicable.
supply as regards to corrosion and caking.

This is found on page 175 of the National Plumbing Code This is found on page 176 of the National Plumbing Code

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

This is found on page 177 of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
Sample Project:
A Two Storey Residential House

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Ground Floor
Fixture Load:
WC – 1 x 3 wsfu = 3 wsfu
Lav – 1 x 1 wsfu = 1 wsfu
KF – 1 x 2 wsfu = 2 wsfu
HB – 3 x 3 wsfu = 9 wsfu
----------------------------------
Total: 15 wsfu
Fixture Demand: 0.825 lps
(From Chart A-3)
Fixture Demand: 1.01 lps
(From Table 2.1)
Second Floor
Fixture Load:
WC – 2 x 3 wsfu = 6 wsfu
Lav – 2 x 1 wsfu = 2 wsfu
Sho. – 2 x 2 wsfu = 4 wsfu
-------------------------------------
Total: 12 wsfu
Water Demand: 0.66 lps
(From Chart A-3)
Water Demand: 1.11 lps
(From Table 2.1)
 27 wsfu = 1.3 lps

15 wsfu = 0.825 lps

12 wsfu = 0.66 lps

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

TABLE 2.1 ESTIMATING WATER DEMAND This is not from the Plumbing Code of the Philippines

SUPPLY SYSTEMS PREDOMINANTLY FOR FLUSH TANKS

LOAD IN WATER WATER DEMAND LOAD IN WATER WATER DEMAND
SUPPLY FIXTURE SUPPLY FIXTURE
UNITS (WSFU) Gallon per minute Liter per second UNITS (WSFU) Gallon per minute Liter per second

1 3.0 0.19 60 32.0 2.02

2 5.0 0.32 70 35.0 2.21
3 6.5 0.41 80 38.0 2.40
4 8.0 0.51 90 41.0 2.59
5 9.4 0.59 100 43.5 2.74
6 10.7 0.68 120 48.0 3.03
7 11.8 0.74 140 52.5 3.31
8 12.8 0.81 160 57.0 3.60
9 13.7 0.86 180 61.0 3.85
10 14.6 0.92 200 65.0 4.10
12 16.0 1.01 250 75.0 4.73
14 17.0 1.07 300 85.0 5.36
16
15 18.0 1.14 1.11 400 105.0 6.62
18 18.8 1.19 500 124.0 7.82
20 19.6 1.24 750 170.0 10.73
25 21.5 1.36 1000 208.0 13.12
3027 23.3 1.47 1.40 1250 239.0 15.08
35 24.9 1.57 1500 269.0 16.97
40 26.3 1.66 2000 325.0 20.50
45 27.7 1.76 2500 380.0 23.97
50 29.1 1.84 3000 433.0 27.32
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU
 5.50 meters
16.00 meters

1. Useful Data
a. Average pressure at water main --------------------------- 345 kPa (50 psi)
b. Total Fixture Load: --------------------------------------------- 27 wsfu
c. Estimated Water Demand ------------------------------------ 1.30 lps
d. Type of topmost fixture --------------------------------------- Shower
e. Height of topmost fixture --------------------------------------- 5.50 meters
f. Length of Piping ---------------------------------------------------21.50 meters
g. Fixture pressure requirement at topmost fixture -------- 104 kPa
2. Minimum Fixture Pressure Requirement ( A )
FLOW PRESSURE FLOW A3.1 Decide what is the
FIXTURE FITTING desirable minimum pressure
kPa PSI Gallon/minute Liter/second
that should be maintained at
the highest fixture in the supply
Ordinary Lavatory Faucet 55 8 2.0 0.13 system. If the highest group of
Self-closing Lavatory Faucet 83 12 2.5 0.16 the fixtures contains
flushometer valves, the pressure
Sink Faucet ( 9 mm ) 69 10 3.5 0.22 for the group should not be less
than 103.42 kPa (15 psi). For
flush tank supplies, the available
Sink Faucet ( 12 mm ) 35 5 4.5 0.28 pressure may not be less than
Drinking Fountain Jet 55 8 0.75 0.05 55.16 kPa ( 8 psi).
Washing Machine / Dishwasher 55 8 4.0 0.25
Laundry Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32
For Minimum
Bathtub Faucet 35 5 5.0 0.32
Fixture Pressure
Shower Head ( 12 mm ) 83 12 5.0 0.32
Requirement (A)
Ball Cock for Water Closet 104 15 3.0 0.19
(Flush Tank)
= Use 104 kPa
Flush Valve for Water Closet 104 15 27.0 1.70
( 19 mm )
Flush Valve for Water Closet 172 25 35.0 2.21
( 25 mm )
Flush Valve for Urinal ( 19 mm ) 104 15 15.0 0.95
Garden Hose,15m and Sill Cock 207 30 5.0 0.32

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 3. Calculate the Static Head (B).

B = 9.79 kPa/m x (Height of uppermost fixture)

B = 9.79 kPa/ m x (5.50 meters) = 53. 85 kPa

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 4. Using the Demand Load, determine the Pressure Loss in the Water Meter (C).
Assume meter size at 20 mm: C = 55.10 kPa

Estimated Water Demand = 1.3 lps

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 5. Calculate the Pressure Available (Pa) for friction loss in the supply pipes.

Pa = Pressure @ water main – (A+B+ C)

where: A = Minimum Fixture Pressure Requirement
B = Static Head
C= Pressure Loss @ water meter
Pa = 345 kPa – (104 kPa + 53.85 kPa + 55.10kPa)
= 345 kPa = 212.95
Pa = 132.05 kPa

Step 6. Determine the developed length (DL) of the supply pipe, including the
equivalent length of fittings (.DL’)
DL = 16.00 meters + 5.50 meters = 21.50 meters

Dl’ = ( DL ) 1.50 = (21.50 meters) 1.50 = 32.25 meters

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 7. Calculate Total Equivalent Length (TEL) of the piping.

TEL = DL + DL’
where: DL = Length of the piping (horizontal and vertical) measured
from the water main up to the farthest and topmost fixture
DL’ = Equivalent length of fittings, if piping diagram is not
available, use 20 % to 50 % of DL

TEL = DL + DL’ = 21.50 meters + 32.25 meters = 53.75 meters

Step 8. Calculate the Average Permissible Friction Loss per 100 meter length of pipe
(Pf).

Pf = (Pa ÷ TEL) 100

where: Pa = Pressure available for friction loss in the pipes
TEL = Total Effective Length of pipe
Pf = ( 132.05 kPa ÷ 53.75 meters ) 100 = 245.67 kPa

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Step 9. Using The Demand Load and
the Average Permissible friction Loss
(Pa) determine an approximate pipe
size that is closest to the velocity of
3 meters per second. Use the
Charts: A-5, A-6 and A-7

Use 25 mm inside diameter (1”)

Service Pipe Size

For PPR Pipe: Use 32 mm PN 10

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

SIZING OF SUPPLY PIPES USING TABLE 6.6 OF
THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES

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Supply pressure 30 - 45 psi ( 207 to 310 kPa)

Maximum Water Supply Fixture Units (WFSU)

Length of pipe (feet)
Building
Meter and
supply
street and
service
branch 40 60 80 100 150 200
lines lines
(inches) (12 m) (18m) (24m) (30m) (46m) (61m)
(inches)

1/2 6 5 4 3 2 1

3/4 3/4 16 16 14 12 9 6

1 29 25 23 21 17 15

1 36 31 27 25 20 17
1
1 1/4 54 47 42 38 32 28

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Supply pressure 45 - 60 psi (317 to 413 kPa)

Maximum Water Supply Fixture Units (WFSU)

Length of pipe (feet)

Building
Meter
and street supply
and
service
branch 40 60 80 100 150 200
lines
lines (12m) (18m) (24m) (30m) (46m) (61m)
(inches)
(inches)

1/2 7 7 6 5 4 3

3/4 3/4 20 20 19 17 14 11

1 39 39 36 33 28 23

1 39 39 39 36 30 25
1
1 1/4 78 78 76 67 52 44

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Supply pressure over 60 psi (Over 413 kPa)

Maximum Water Supply Fixture Units (WFSU)

Length of pipe (feet)

Building
Meter
supply
and street and
service
branch 40 60 80 100 150 200
lines
lines (12m) (18m) (24m) (30m) (46m) (61m)
(inches)
(inches)

1/2 7 7 7 6 5 4

3/4 3/4 20 20 20 20 17 13

1 39 39 39 39 35 30

1 39 39 39 39 38 32
1
1 1/4 78 78 78 78 74 62

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End of Presentation

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU