• The bond of blood or

marriage which binds

people together in
group.
Types of Kinship
 Kinship by Blood
• Affinal Kinship
Relationships based upon marriage or cohabitation
between collaterals (people treated as the same
generation)

• Consanguineous Kinship
Connections between people that are traced by
blood
Descent Systems
 Unilineal Descent
• This traces descent only through a single line of
ancestors, male or female. Both males and
females are members of a unilineal family, but
descent links are only recognized through
relatives of one gender. The two basic forms of
unilineal descent are referred to as patrilineal
and matrilineal.
Patrilineal Descent
Matrilineal Descent
 Bilateral/Bilineal Descent
• When both patrilineal and matrilineal
descent principles are combined
Kinship by Marriage
 What is Marriage?
the legally or formally
recognized union of two
people as partners in a
personal relationship
 MONOGAMY
• the practice of having only
one spouse at one time. In
some cases, monogamy
means having only one
spouse for an entire life
span.
• Social monogamy: Two persons/creatures that live
together, have sex with one another, and cooperate in
acquiring basic resources such as food, clothes, and
money.

• Sexual monogamy: Two persons/creatures that

remain sexually exclusive with one another and have
no outside sex partners.

• Genetic monogamy: Two partners that only have

offspring with one another.
• Marital monogamy: Marriages of only
two people.

• Serial monogamy: A series of

relationships. One person has only one
partner at a time, and then moves on to
another partner after severing the
relationship with the first.
 Polygamy
Two different types of Polygamy:
• Polygyny is the practice of one
man having more than one wife
or sexual partner at a time.

• Polyandry involves one woman

having multiple husbands, within
Polyandry there are many
variations on the marriage style
 Endogamy
• the custom of
marrying only within
the limits of a local
community, clan, or
tribe.
 Exogamy
• the custom of
marrying outside a
community, clan, or
tribe.
Postmarital Residency Rule

• Patrilocal
• Matrilocal
• Biolocal
Arranged Marriage
 Child Marriage
• It happens when
parents arrange
for the marriage
of their child long
before the
marriage
place. takes
marriage will The be
consummated
in the future
 Exchange Marriage
form of marriage involving an arranged
and reciprocal exchange of spouses
between two groups
 Diplomatic Marriage
• Established between
two royal or political
families in order to
forge political or
diplomatic alliances
Modern Arranged Marriage
 Kinship by Ritual
Compadrazgo
Family and the Household
The basic unit of social
organization.
 Nuclear Family

• A family consisting
of a married man &
woman and their
biological children.
 Extended Family

• A family where Grandparents or Aunts and Uncles play

major roles in the children’s upbringing. This may or
may not include those relatives living with the
children. These family members may be in addition to
the child’s parents or instead of the child’s parents
 Blended Family
• A type of family
where the parents
have a child or
children from
previous marital
relationships but
all the
stay
members and
congregate to
form a new family
unit.
 Structural Functionalism Theory
• Agent of socialization
• Provides emotional and practical support
for family members
• Controls sexual activity and
sexual reproduction
 Conflict Theory
• Family is a cause of social inequality
because it strengthens economic
inequality and allows the continuity of
patriarchy.
 Symbolic Interactionist Theory
• The family members’ interaction can
produce a shared understanding of their
institutions
 Kinship of Politics:
Political Dynasties and Alliances
• Kinship politics is commonly found in tribal
societies across the world where kin
genealogy is applied to determine the
system of communal leadership. It is the
traditional pattern of bequeathing political
power among family members.
• Political dynasties have long been present
in the Philippine political structure.