ICT 111

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS
WEEK 1: MAIN COURSE OBJECTIVE
• TO ENABLE COURSE PAX TO USE BASIC ICT
SKILLS – OPERATING SYSTEM, WORD
PROCESSING, SPREADSHEETS, DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, NETWORKS AND
SYSTEMS – IN HER UNIVERSITY STUDIES
• TO ENABLE YOU TO USE COMPUTING DEVICES
IN YOUR ACADEMIC LIFE AT CKM
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
• AT THE END OF THE COURSE, PAX WILL BE ABLE TO
– Identify various ICT and other computing devices and equipment
– Identify the use and role of each of the identified devices
– Comfortably work with word processing program, Microsoft Word
– Comfortably work with spreadsheet program, Microsoft Excel
– Comfortably work with basics of database management systems,
Microsoft Access
– Comfortably work with basics of networks, Internet and its services
– Understand how systems work and view an organization as a
system
 READING MATERIAL
• Manuals of Microsoft Office, current or available
editions
• Notes of Microsoft programs from the NET, to be
provided through e-learning
• Most books on basic computer science or
information systems or information technology or
data processing
• Internet sources
• Past papers of ICT 111, 200 and 265
 COURSE FACILITATORS 2014/15
• Simon Njovu
– Office C 107
– Email: sknjovu@mzumbe.ac.tz
– Mobile: 0758994320 or 0784961965
– See me by appointments
– You will be allowed to come into my office only if
you dress decently!!!
• Other Teaching Assistants as will be introduced
to you from time to time
 TEACHING MODE
• Plenary sessions – lectures
• Practical sessions – in computer labs
• Group discussion – your own initiatives
• Q & A – during lectures, practicals, e-learning
• Discussion forums in the MU e-learning
• Demonstrations – during lectures and practicals
• NB: make sure that you participate in all these
activities
 ASSESSMENT MODE
• TWO TESTS – EACH 15%: Test or Quiz every week during
the sessions will be aggregated at the end of the
semester
• TWO ASSIGNMENTS – EACH 10%
• END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION (UE) – 50%
• TO BE DECLARED PASS:
– UE: AT LEAST 20 OUT OF 50 – necessary condition
– TOTAL: AT LEAST 40 OUT OF 100
• ATTENDANCE IN THE CLASS BEFORE YOU ARE ALLOWED
TO SIT FOR UE MUST BE 80% OF THE COURSE TIME
 E-LEARNING BASICS
• Connect to the Internet
• Launch the E-Learning system:
http://elearning.mzumbe.ac.tz
• Three basic activities here for you
– Download added resources and work on them
– Upload assignments
– Participate in forums
• You need to be registered into the system and
enrolled to this subject
 INTRODUCTION TO ICT
• ICT stands for Information and
Communication Technologies
• It is a collection of various technologies meant
to produce and disseminate information
• It includes activities like storage of the
produced information
• The technologies include hardware, software
and rules and regulations
 OVERVIEW OF ICT EQUIPMENT
• At the center there is a generic computer
• There are various devices with imbedded
computers e.g. watches, TVs, radios, etc.
• Telecommunication devices e.g. mobile and
fixed phones, radios, television systems,
network devices, etc.
• Printers: laserjets, inkjets, dotmatrix, etc.
• Scanners and cameras
 COMPUTER SYSTEM SHELL
• Looking at a generic computer, of course it can also apply to other
devices, the shell have three layers
– Computer hardware: what you see, feel and touch
– Computer software: instructions that tell the hardware what to do and
how to do it. Divided into two basic categories – operating system and
application software
– Computer humanware: the various people who work with the computer
system e.g. programmers, system admins, technicians, data operators, end
users like you and me, etc.
– Computer lab orientation – Geneva Laboratory
• You need to have the machine itself before software and users
• ASSIGNMENT 1: Go and read about ICT devices. Choose any five
devices and write on their common uses.
 WEEK 2: COMPUTER HARDWARE
• Computer hardware is divided into four distinct
categories – input devices, output devices, storage
devices and processing unit
• Input devices: keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner,
camera, microphone
• Output devices: monitor, printer, speaker, multimedia
projector
• Storage devices: magnetic disks – hard disks, dvd, vcd,
cd, sd, memory sticks (flash disks), etc.
• Processing unit: not of much interest at this stage
 COMPUTER SOFTWARE
• Computer software is divided in various categories
depending on their roles – system software
(operating system), application software, utilities
software, programming tools, etc.
• Computer operating system is the manager of the
entire computer system – GUI or command-line
based
• Our focus is GUI – Microsoft Windows
• Continue in the next slide …
COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM …
• Microsoft Windows is one of the GUI operating system
• Users don’t need memorization of the commands to
activate the computer system
• By use of mouse, an icon or piece of text is identified
and clicked to activate it
• Microsoft Windows is identified by two parts
– Task bar
– Desktop
• Continue in the next slide …
COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM …
• Basic icons on the Desktop
– Computer, recycle bin, network, and several shortcuts added
– In order to activate or open the desktop icons, just double-
click on it or right-click on the icon and click open
• What is the TASK BAR?
– It begins with a START icon which allows you to start using
windows
– There are other icons showing programs which are pinned
there or running in the background
• Continue in the next slide …
COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM …
• PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD: qwerty, function keys, navigation
keypad, numeric keypad
• Important keys: enter, backspace, caps lock, tab, esc, shift,
ctrl, windows, right-click, alt, prtscrn
• PARTS OF THE MOUSE: primary button, secondary button,
scroll wheel
• Basic operations of a mouse: click, right-click, double-click,
drag, click twice
• Use these operations to change screen and mouse settings
• This is Practical 1: all students must go to the lab to practice …
 WEEK 3: RECAP OF WEEK 2
• Computers in the Geneva Laboratory
• Power supply to the computer systems
• Special keys of a standard keyboard
• Standard mouse – two issues and three mouse
operations
• Starting a computer installed with two
operating system: Windows and Linux
• Windows OS welcome window: user or guest?
 IS OPERATING SYSTEM ENOUGH?
• Computer operating system (system software)
puts life into the computer hardware
• For your computer to be useful in your daily
life, you need applications software
• There are general and specific applications
software
• Our focus will be Microsoft Office applications
package
 MICROSOFT OFFICE PACKAGE
• Why a package? More than one application is
integrated
• Word processing: Microsoft Office Word
• Spreadsheet: Microsoft Office Excel
• Database Management System: Microsoft
Office Access
• Desktop Publishing: Microsoft Office Publisher
• Any so many more applications …
 OTHER APPLICATION PACKAGES?
• Open Office package
• Lotus Suite package
• Integrated Applications of general use …

• USEFUL LINKS FOR SELF STUDY …

• www.homeandlearn.co.uk
• www.tutorialspoint.com/computer-fundament
als
• You can as usual google common concepts
 WORD PROCESSING
• Word processing is just an advanced technology
for writing documents by using ordinary
typewriters
• There are various programs used for word
processing – word perfect, chi-write, latec,
Microsoft word, etc.
• In this course we will learn Microsoft Word. Can
you guess why? Is there a need to learn all the
word processing programs? Why or why not?
 MICROSOFT WORD
• This is a family of Microsoft Office programs
that include Excel, Access, PowerPoint,
Publisher, etc.
• It is used to create, manage and print
documents
• Once you know how to use one program you
can easily migrate to other word processing
programs
 STARTING MICROSOFT WORD
• There are several ways of starting the program. However, there
is one standard method of doing it which does not need
customization
• Once the computer is on and ready for use
– Point and Click at START (or Windows Logo) on the task bar
– Point and Click at PROGRAMS (or all programs) from the pop-up menu
– Point and Click at Microsoft Office
– Point and Click at Microsoft Office Word
– Wait for the program to start
• How long to wait, it is a function of several factors
• DEMONSTRATION …
 OTHER METHODS OF …
• If the program is pinned on the task bar – click at
the icon
• If the program is pinned on the start menu – click
at START, THEN CLICK AT THE ICON
• If the program is having a short-cut on the
desktop, double-click the icon
• And so many other methods of starting word
program
• DEMONSTRATION …
 INITIAL FEATURES OF MICROSOFT WORD
SCREEN
• TITLE BAR: document 1 – Microsoft Word
• The ribbon: grouping of commands by
categories
• Main text area
• Status bar
• Task bar
• Vertical scroll bar
• DEMONSTRATION …
CUSTOMIZING THE INITIAL SCREEN
• Displaying the ribbon buttons or removing
them – right-click the ribbon and decide what
to do
• Re-arranging the ribbon buttons
• Adding quick access toolbar
• Changing position of the quick access toolbar
• And so on …
• DEMONSTRATION …
 STARTING A NEW DOCUMENT
• Take a piece of paper and begin to write and follow the
basic rules of writing a document
• Creating a new document?
– Just begin to write using the keyboard
– Press spacebar once at the end of a complete word
– Don’t guess end of line: there is an auto detection
– Insert a punctuation mark where necessary
– Begin a new sentence with a capital letter
– Press enter key to begin a new paragraph
– Don’t preconceive a format of your document
– Save your document
 SAVING YOUR DOCUMENT
• As you type your document, it is stored in a temporary
memory
• For permanent storage, proceed as follows
– Click at OFFICE ICON/FILE
– Click at SAVE/SAVE AS
– Specify the file name of your document
– Specify the storage area for your file
– Specify the type of your file
– Click at SAVE button
– Wait while your computer saves your file in the specified area
– DEMONSTRATION …
 EXITING YOUR PROGRAM
• If you are done with your document, you can just release or leave the
program you were using
– Click at FILE/OFFICE icon
– Click at EXIT or CLOSE PROGRAM
– Wait while your operating system closes the program
• DEMONSTRATION …
• Practical 2:
– Start your computer
– Load Microsoft Word program
– Study the main features of the initial screen
– Try to customize some of the features
– Create a new document and save it in your flash disk by the name ict111-
myletter1
 WEEK 4: WORKING WITH AN EXISTING
DOCUMENT
• Recap on week 3 discussions
• Opening an existing document
– Start your program
– Click at FILE/OFFICE icon
– Click at OPEN command
– Specify the storage area you used to store your file
– Identify the file you want to open
– Click at it and click OPEN TAB
– Wait for your file to open
– How long will it take to open? It depends …
 EDITING YOUR DOCUMENT
• We human beings are not perfect, we make
mistakes here and there
• Manual corrections
– Go through your document word by word
– Have seen an incorrect word? Correct it!
– How?
• Move cursor where there is a mistake
• Delete the wrong character and write a correct character or just
remove the unwanted character or insert a missing character
• Continues in the next slide …
 EDITING YOUR DOCUMENT …
• Check spelling – most application programs have built-in
dictionaries
• It is up to you to know which dictionary is active – mostly
it is US English
• Activate the speller and let it do the check spelling:
– Click at REVIEW on the ribbon
– Click at SPELLING from the proofing group
– Respond to the messages from the speller: ignore once, ignore
all, change, change all, add, suggest, autocorrect, cancel, etc.
• Save changes after editing your document
 FORMATTING A DOCUMENT
• In creating a new document, one of the rules is
not to preconceive the format of your document
• In here our interest is to change appearance of
the document and make it beautiful
– Font name, size, color and style
– Line spacing
– Paragraph justification
• Let us see one format after another …
 CHANGING FONT OF THE DOCUMENT
• Fonts is how the document characters look like
• Before applying fonts, you must select the text to
deal with: use mouse or shift+arrow key to select.
Then proceed as follows
– Click at HOME, on the ribbon if you are not there
– Identify the FONT group: font name, font size, font style,
font color, text highlighting, underline,
increase/decrease button, change case,
– Choose what you want to apply by clicking it. You can
apply more than one font item in the same selection
 PARAGRAPH FORMATTING
• To format a paragraph you just need to position
cursor in the paragraph of interest
• Click at HOME item on the ribbon
• Identify the PARAGRAPH group: paragraph
alignment, line spacing, bullets, numbering,
indents, sorting, shading, reveal codes, borders
• Choose a paragraph to format and apply one or
more of the formats
INSERTING OBJECTS (PAGE BREAK)
• These include: pages, tables, illustrations,
links, header & footer, text and symbols
• During this course we will focus on some
features of pages, tables, header & footer
• Other insertions may be studied later
• INSERTING A PAGE BREAK: position cursor
where you want to break a page, click at
INSERT, click at BREAK
 INSERTING A TABLE
• Move cursor where you want your table to be
• Click at INSERT
• Click at TABLE
• Click at INSERT TABLE
• Specify number of columns and rows
• Enter text into the cells according to your needs
• To move cursor from one cell to another, press
TAB key once
 INSERTING HEADER & FOOTER
• A header is a message that appears at the top
of every page on a non-printable area
• A footer is a message that appears at the
bottom of every page on a non-printable area
• Page is a reference to inform readers page
numbers of the document – be it roman or
arabic or special symbols or both
• DEMONSTRATION OF A HEADER & FOOTER
 INSERTING A HEADER
• While you are in your document, proceed as
follows:
– Click at INSERT from the ribbon
– Identify the HEADER & FOOTER group
– Click at HEADER
– Select the HEADER STYLE
– Type the header message
– Close the header window
 INSERTING A FOOTER
• While you are in your document, proceed as
follows:
– Click at INSERT from the ribbon
– Identify the HEADER & FOOTER group
– Click at FOOTER
– Select the FOOTER STYLE
– Type the FOOTER message
– Close the FOOTER window
 INSERTING PAGE NUMBERS
• While you are in your document, proceed as
follows:
– Click at INSERT from the ribbon
– Identify the HEADER & FOOTER group
– Click at PAGE NUMBER
– Select the PAGE NUMBER POSITION – top or bottom
– Select the PAGE NUMBER ALIGNMENT – left, centre,
or right OR other styles
– It is done …
 PRINTING A DOCUMENT
• The end product of word processing activity is printing your document
• Make sure that your computer is connected to the printer: physically
and logically
– Put on your computer and open your document to be printed
– Put on the connected printer and load paper
– Click at FILE/OFFICE LOGO
– Click at PRINT from the dropdown menu
– Select printer to be used
– Decide what to print: current page, all, pages, selection
– Select number of copies
– Click at PRINT button and wait …
• END OF MICROSOFT WORD …
 WEEK 5: MICROSOFT EXCEL
• What spreadsheets do that cannot be easily
done by word processing programs???
• Spreadsheets are programs meant for number
manipulations and related functionalities
• All spreadsheets are matrix of columns and
rows where data is entered into a cell
• They include Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3,
Quattro Pro, Open Office spreadsheet, etc.
 STARTING MICROSOFT EXCEL
• Since it is part of Microsoft Office, the same procedure
used to start Microsoft Word applies here. Proceed as
follows:
• Once the computer is on and ready for use
– Point and Click at START (or Windows Logo) on the task bar
– Point and Click at PROGRAMS (or all programs) from the pop-up
menu
– Point and Click at Microsoft Office
– Point and Click at Microsoft Office Excel
– Wait for the program to start
• How long to wait, it is a function of several factors
 MAIN FEATURES OF MICROSOFT EXCEL
• TITLE BAR: Book1 – Microsoft Excel
• THE RIBBON: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas,
Data, etc.
• Worksheet area
• Sheet tabs and scroll bar
• Status bar: Ready
• Task bar
• One can customize these features as it was done in
Microsoft Word
 MAIN PARTS OF A WORKSHEET
• Workbook ->worksheets->cells->row/column
• Workbook: a set of several worksheets
• Worksheet: a matrix of columns and rows
• Column: vertical array of cells
• Row: horizontal array of cells
• Cell: intersection of a column and a row
• Range: any combination of contiguous cells
• Many activities are done in a cell
 NAMING SPREADSHEET PARTS
• WORKBOOK: file name
• WORKSHEET: sheet1, sheet2, sheet3, etc. that can
be renamed otherwise
• COLUMN: identified by letters A, B, C, …
• ROW: identified by numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, …
• CELL: identified by addresses like A45, B20, AB12,
etc. (column label followed by row number)
• RANGE: identified by cell address of the first cell to
be selected
 MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS
• Since the main role of this application is number
manipulation, let us discuss the required operators
• Equals: = alerts Excel that a formula is coming
• Addition: + illustration 2+5=7
• Subtraction: - illustration 8-4=4
• Multiplication: * illustration 6*9=54
• Division: / illustration 69/3=23
• Exponentiation: ^ illustration 2^4=16
 DATA ENTRY IN A WORKSHEET
• If you can recall, data entry in word processing is serial
BUT in spreadsheets the data entry is random since it
is entered into a specific cell.
• Moving CELL POINTER in a worksheet
– Use the four arrow keys: up, down, left, right
– Use mouse: point and click
– Use function key F5: F5, cell address, enter
– Home key, Ctrl+Home keys, End key, (End,Arrow key)
• Cell pointer vs mouse pointer vs cursor
• Continued in the next slide …
 OUR FIRST WORKSHEET
TEST 1 MARKS FOR POM 1 2014
SNO SURNAME FIRST NAME MARKS
1Komba Abdulrashid 11
2Kolimba Mariaam 5
3Mushi Jamila 7
4Balile Abdallah 12
5Mkude James 9
6Lalika Cordula 11
7Kisoli Peniel 14
8Sadru Francisco 10
 SAVING A WORKBOOK
• As you enter your data, it is stored in a temporary memory
• For permanent storage, proceed as follows
– Click at OFFICE ICON/FILE
– Click at SAVE/SAVE AS
– Specify the file name of your document
– Specify the storage area for your file
– Specify the type of your file
– Click at SAVE button
– Wait while your computer saves your file in the specified area
• Practical 4: Create a worksheet and save it as ict-111-demo-
wsheet1
 WEEK 6: WORKING WITH EXISTING
WORKBOOK
• Are there questions on what we discussed last
week(s)?
• Start Microsoft Excel
• Open your file: ict-111-demo-wsheet1
• Write the formula for totaling the marks for
test 1
• Edit the worksheet
• Format the worksheet
 CONSTRUCTING A FORMULA
• Identify a place to write a formula e.g. D11
• Move cell pointer to D11 and type = sign
• Identify the first cell containing the range of
numbers to be added e.g. D3, click it and type
+ sign
• Repeat the above process until all cells, D4 to
D10 are added
• Press enter key once. What do you see???
 EDITING CELL ENTRIES
• Move cell pointer where there is an incorrect entry
• Type a new correct entry if it is a simple entry
• Otherwise
– Move the cell pointer where the entry is incorrect
– Press function key F2
– Correct the entry
– Press enter key once
• You have unwanted entry? Move cell pointer to that cell and
press DELETE key once
• Recall the use of DELETE, BACKPACE and SPACEBAR keys for
deleting
 FORMATTING A WORKSHEET
• Text formatting is similar to word processing
formatting: fonts, alignment, borders
• Number formats:
– Select cells to apply the number formats
– You have comma style
– You have number of decimal places
– You have percent style
– You have currency format
– But there is also general format
• Practical 5: Improving your worksheet
WEEK 7: INSERTING OBJECTS AND PRINTING

• Recap on week 6 discussions

• Objects to be inserted in a worksheet: Charts
• Page setup
• Printing a worksheet
 INSERTING CHARTS
• Select data to be used for your chart: B3:B10,D3:D10
• Click at INSERT from the ribbon
• Identify the CHART group
• Select CHART TYPE e.g. COLUMN
• Select CHART SUBTYPE e.g. 2-D column
• Click at CHART LAYOUTS
• Add chart titles
• Add axis titles
• Save it and sit back to relax
 PRINTING YOUR WORKSHEET
• Printing in spreadsheets is not as easy as in word processing.
You need to set up the pages before printing. Why???
• Click at FILE/OFFICE icon
• Click at PRINT from drop down menu
• Click at PAGE SETUP
– Set the page
– Set the margins
– Set the header/footer
– Set the sheet
• Continues on the next slide …
 PRINTING YOUR WORKSHEET …
• SETTING THE PAGE
– Click at PAGE from the page setup window
– Choose orientation: portrait or landscape
– Choose scaling: 100% or fit into x page(s)
– If no more settings required, click OK
– Otherwise go other settings
• Continues to the next slide …
 PRINTING YOUR WORKSHEET …
• Setting the margins
– Click at Margins tab on the page setup window
– Set the top margin
– Set the bottom margin
– Set the left margin
– Set the right margin
– Set the header position (less than top margin)
– Set the footer position (less than bottom margin)
– Decide to centre or otherwise
– If no more settings required click OK, otherwise go to other settings
• Continues on the next slide …
 PRINTING YOUR WORKSHEET …
• Setting the header/footer
– Click at the Header/Footer tab of the page setup
window
– Click at CUSTOM HEADER: choose what to insert
– Click at CUSTOM FOOTER: choose what to insert
– You can insert your own words or objects listed therein
– If no more settings are required click OK, otherwise
proceed to other settings
• Continues to the next slide …
 PRINTING YOUR WORKSHEET …
• Setting the sheet
– Check the gridlines tab to print grids
– Check the row and column headings to print the
row and column headings
– Decide on the of printing: over and then across or
across and then over
– This is the last page setup setting. Click at OK
– You will be back to print window
• Continues to the next slide …
 PRINTING YOUR WORKSHEET …
• Print settings
– Choose the printer to be used for printing
– Decide on what is to be printed: entire workbook,
active sheet, selection, etc.
– Decide on number of copies to print
– Click at PRINT tab
– Wait while your work is being printed
– Practical 6: inserting charts, page setup and printing
• END OF MICROSOFT EXCEL