Gandhi in Jail 1922 Swarajists & No Changers

Political Vaccum Revolutionary Activities

1924 Phase -II
Political Vaccum
1924 Establishment of HRA
Gandhi comes out
from Jail Kakori Conspiracy
Constructive Work 1925 Muslim leagueDelhi
Simon Commission 1928 Proposal (1927)
Establishment of HSRA
Lahore Conspiracy
Civil Disobedience 1930 Chittagong Armory Raid
Movement
Simon Commission
Q. Why chorus of protest?
Seven-member All English(White) Statutory Commission to look for
constitutional reforms

Congress session in Madras (December 1927)

boycott the commission "at every stage and in every form".

Boycott Congress+ Muslim League + Hindu Mahasabha

In between Simon Commission
Q. Why chorus of protest?
commission landed in Bombay on February 3, 1928 'Simon Go Back'
countrywide hartal

mass rallies

black flag
demonstrations
Nehru Report Yaad rakhna...I
headed the
Committee
All Parties Conference met in February 1928
Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution

Committee Members
Tej Bahadur Sapru,
Subhash Bose,
M.S. Aney,
Mangal Singh, Q. Which of the following were
Ali Imam, associated with Nehru report?
Shuab Qureshi
G.R. Pradhan
Nehru Report Dominion
Status
Q. Recommendations by Nehru Report?
1.Dominion status on lines of self-governing
dominions
2.Rejection of separate electorates, Joint
electorates with seats reserved for minorities

3.Linguistic provinces
4.Nineteen fundamental rights

5.Full protection to cultural and religious

interests of Muslims
Complete dissociation of state from religion Western Secularism
Nehru Report No more
separate
Q. Recommendations by Nehru Report? electorates

2.Rejection of separate electorates, Joint

electorates with seats reserved for minorities

Q. Will Muslim league accept this??

Recall, 1916 Lucknow Pact

Congress accepted the principle of Separate
electorates
Activities by Muslim league
December 1927 Muslim League session
four proposals for Muslim demands to be incorporated in the draft
constitution
'Delhi Proposals'
•joint electorates in place of separate electorates with reserved seats
•for Muslims;
• one-third representation to Muslims in Central Legislative Assembly;
• representation to Muslims in Punjab and Bengal in proportion to their
population;
• formation of three new Muslim majority provinces— Sindh,
Baluchistan and North-West Frontier Province
Activities by Muslim league
December 1928, Calcutta 3 ammendments
No more kar do nehru report
changes in Jinnah calls for 3 ammendment to mein
report Nehru report

No more
changes in
report

Jinnah's Fourteen Point

Demands

Hindu Mahasabha was vehemently opposed

Nehru Report
Q. Outcome??

No Separate
electorates for Meri demands nahi
us...nahi No muslim mani na...!
chalega... majority
provinces

Sikh Hindu Mahasabha Muslim League

Nehru Report
Q. Outcome??
Dominion status.....No way...its
a thing of past...Now its time
for Complete Independence
Congress led by Jawaharlal Nehru and
Subhash Bose

rejected the Congress' modified goal

and jointly set up the Independence
for India League
Nehru Report December 1928, Calcutta
We have to give them
Ruko... Itni bhi Nothing short of complete
two years....or one year
kya jaldi hai Independence..पूर्ण स्वराज
min,

Gandhi and Motilal Nehru

Dominion status demand not be dropped in haste
Two-year grace period be given to the Government to accept
Late on,period was reduced to one year
In between
Q. What If the Government did not accept
constitution based on dominion status by the end of the year??
If government does not
What if the government does
accept than i’ll launch Civil
not accept our Dominion
Disobedience to attain पूर्ण
status demand within a year.?
स्वराज

launch a Civil Disobedience Movement to attain its goal

In between
"ItI will
is implicit
also convey
in the a1917
Round declaration
Table Conference
Civil Disobedience गोलमेज परिषद statement)
(Montagu's once my friendthat John
the natural
Simon issue
karunga mein... सविनय ofSubmits
India's progress,
the report... पक्का...कसम से....abthere,
as contemplated toh is
अवज्ञा आंदोलन theandolan
attainment
band ofkaro....
dominion status."

Viceroy Irwin(October 31,

1929)
Promised a Round Table Conference when the
Simon Commission submitted its report
In between
Simon Commssion Feb,1928 Muslim League activities

All Parties Conference Feb, 1928 Delhi Proposals(1927)

Nehru Committee Report Aug, 1928

Independence for India Dec, 1928 Jinnah’s 14 Point(Dec

League 1928)

Delhi Manifesto Nov.1929

Purna Swaraj @ Lahore Nov.1929

Civil Disobedience Mar1930

Movement
In between
1. RTC only for Dominion
November 2, 1929 "Delhi Manifesto" 2. Congress Majority in RTC
3. Reconciliation

•Purpose of the Round Table Conference (RTC)

should be to formulate a scheme for
implementation of the dominion status

•Congress should have majority

representation
•Government should apply policy of prominent national leaders
conciliation
 UPSC Prelims-1995
The radical wing of the Congress Party with Jawaharlal Nehru as
one of its main leaders, founded the Independence for India
League in opposition to:

A. the Finance Commission

B. the National Development Council
C. Nehru Report
D. the Constitution of India

Answer: B
 UPSC Prelims-2011
With reference to the period of Indian freedom struggle, which of
the following was/were recommended by the Nehru report?
1. Complete Independence for India.
2. Joint electorates for reservation of seats for minorities.
3. Provision of fundamental rights for the people of India in the
Constitution.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 Only (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: B
In between
Q. Government’s Response? 1. RTC only for Dominion
2. Congress Majority in RTC
क्या बात... क्या बात ... क्या बात ..... 3. Reconciliation
कु छ नहीं मिलेगा

prominent national leaders

Viceroy Irwin rejected these demands
"Delhi Manifesto"
Stage Set for Confrontation
 UPSC Prelims-2006
Q. Under whose presidency was the Lahore session of the Indian
Congress held in the year 1929, wherein a resolution was adopted to
gain complete independence from the British?

A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
C. Jawaharlal Nehru Answer: C
D. Motilal Nehru
In between
Lahore session of the Congress (December 1929)
हम क्या चाहते.... आज़ादी... पूर्ण
स्वराज

"We have now an open conspiracy to free

this country from foreign rule and you,
comrades, and all our countrymen and
countrywomen are invited to join it"

Complete Independence declared as the aim of the Congress

In between 26 January 1930...1st
Independence day.....
Lahore session of the Congress (December 1929)

RTC to be boycotted

CWC launch a programme of Civil

Disobedience

सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन

Including non-payment of taxes and all members of
legislatures asked to resign their seats

January 26, 1930 fixed as the first Independence Day, to be celebrated

everywhere
 In between
Ultimatum of January 31, 1930 to accept or आखिरी मौका हैं ...11
reject these demands point demand मान लो
वर्ना...... सविनय अवज्ञा
Q. 11 Point Demand? आंदोलन
General Specific to Peasants &
others

Reduce expenditure on Army and civil services by

50 per cent
Total prohibition
Reforms in Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
Change Arms Act
lease political prisoners Postal Reservation Bill
 In between
Ultimatum of January 31, 1930 to accept or आखिरी मौका हैं ...11
reject these demands point demand मान लो
वर्ना...... सविनय अवज्ञा
Q. 11 Point Demand? आंदोलन
Specific to Peasants &
others

duce rupee-sterling exchange ratio

roduce Textile Protection
eserving Coastal shipping for Indian Co.

duce land revenue by 50 per cent

Abolish salt tax and government's salt monopoly
In between
आखिरी मौका हैं ...11
point demand मान लो
भाईसाब में कु छ समझा नहीं....Lol वर्ना...... सविनय अवज्ञा
आंदोलन

No positive response forthcoming from the Government

Inbetween
February 1930 सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन... जानी हम आंदोलन
करेंगे ज़रूर पर जगह हमारी होगी और समय भी
हमारा होगा
Congress Working Committee invested Gandhi
with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience
Movement (CDM) at a time and place of his
choice

Gandhi had decided to make, salt

Centre to CDM
Inbetween
Gandhi had decided to make, salt Centre to CDM

Q. Why Salt? Remember my

technique...Converting Specific
no other article like salt, the most inhuman issues into National issues
poll tax the ingenuity of man can devise

linked the ideal of Swaraj with a most

concrete and universal grievance of the
rural poor

symbolic identification with mass suffering

Civil Disobedience Movement सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन
Dandi March (March 12-April 6, 1930)

Launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement, began on March 12

Gandhi broke the salt law by picking up a handful of salt at Dandi on

April 6
Chalo
Dandi...
Civil Disobedience Movement सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन
Spread of Salt Disobedience

Tamil Nadu, C. Rajagopalachari

Malabar, K. Kelappan

Assam, satyagrahis walked from Sylhet to Noakhali (Bengal) to make salt

Andhra, a number of sibirams (camps) came up

Civil Disobedience Movement सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. Government’s Response? Arrest all congress
leaders.....
Nehru's arrest in April 1930
Gandhi's arrest came on May 4, 1930

Q. So, did the movement stopped post the arrest

of national leaders?
No, Organisation was still working

After Gandhi's arrest, the CWC sanctioned

non-payment of revenue in Ryotwari areas
no chowkidara tax campaign in zamindari areas
violation of forest laws in the Central Provinces
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. Other Forms of Upsurge during CDM?
1. Surya Sen's Chittagong Revolt Group

2. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Peshawarvolunteer

brigade 'Khudai Khidmatgars', popularly known as
the 'Red-Shirts'

3. Sholapur virtual parallel government

Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. Other Forms of Upsurge during CDM?
Biharrefusal to pay chowkidara tax
Bengal, Anti-chowkidara tax and
anti-union board tax

Gujaratno-tax movement

United Provinces no revenue

campaign
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. Other Forms of Upsurge during CDM?

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Central

Provinces defiance of forest laws

Assam Agitation against

Cunningham circular

Manipur and Nagaland

Rani Gaidinliu of Nagaland
Civil Disobedience Movement
Dharsana, On May 21, 1930Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib and Manilal
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. How was the mobilisation done?
Prabhat pheries
Vanar senas
Manjari senas
Secret patrikas
Magic lantern shows
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. Impact of Agitation?
Imports of foreign cloth and other items fell
Government income from liquor, excise and land revenue fell
Elections to Legislative Assembly were largely boycotted
Mass Participation was seen
Women
Students
Tribals Muslims Participation?
Workers
Merchants and Petty Traders
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q. Government Response to the agitation? कन्फू ज कर दिया हैं...क्या करें ??
Throughout 1930 was ambivalent
faced the classic dilemma of-'damned if you
do, damned if you don't

if force was applied, the Congress cried 'repression'

if little was done, the Congress cried 'victory'.
The hegemony of the Government was eroded
Civil Disobedience Movement
Friends....Remembered, I came
to India in 1928, now finally भाईसाब
Lets मेंtalk...RTC
कु छ समझा नहीं....
mein
submitting the report in 1930

Publication of the Simon Commission no mention of

dominion status
July 1930 viceroy suggested a round table conference (RTC
allowed to explore the possibility of peace