HAWASSA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FACLUTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DESIGN AND ALALYZE OF BEAMFORMING NEWORK OF A LINEAR ARRAY MICROSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
USING BUTLER MATRIX
Presented by: Aberash werkealemahu
Betelhem Awuraris
Lily Negash
Advisor: Ins. Tamrat (Msc)
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Introduction

 In recent years, mobile and wireless communication system have experienced an increasing number of users,
requiring a huge expansion of cellular communication systems.
 One of the major limiting factor towards this goal is interference that arises due to increased in the number of
temporal and spectral reuse of resources.
 As a result, novel techniques that allow increased flexibility in interference mitigation contribute significantly
in the efficient operation of future networks. Among them MIMO, and beamforming (BF) have been very
active research fields in the recent years.
 The Butler matrix is one of the beams forming network, with N input/output port and N in-put/output antenna
elements, producing N orthogonal beam at different locations.
 Butler matrix was easily implemented using microstrip patch antenna due to numerous advantages such as low
profile, easy fabrication and low cost.
 The Butler Matrix consists of 90 degree Hybrid Coupler, 45 degree phase shifter and 3dB crossover coupler [2] .
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Statement of problem

 Millimeter waves are high frequency waves expected to play a key role in 5G networks, but
small cells or base stations are needed in order to support large-scale antenna arrays. As the
number of antennas increase the interference will increase as well. So a beam that will be
directed to a specific point is required to reduce interference and have a higher efficiency. In
addition to this, beamforming is primarily used to address a different set of problems like
cellular signals are easily blocked by objects and tend to weaken over long distances.
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Objective of the Study
General objective of the study
 The general objective of this study is to design and analyze beam forming network of a linear
array microstrip patch antenna using butler matrix.
Specific objectives of the study
 To design a microstrip patch antenna at 1.575 GHz
 To design a branch line circuit at 30 GHz that can adapt to the butler matrix for antenna
beamforming
 To simulate and analyze the 4x4 Butler Matrix performance of the designed Branch Line
coupler
 To validate the results of the simulations with related research work.
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Methodology

Literature survey

Design of butler matrix and

microstrip patch

Mathematical analysis

Analysis of butler matrix

Simulation
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Literature review
 In [1] proposed the simulation and implementation of Butler Matrix elements for wireless application at 2.4GHz.
The method carried out is theoretical calculations of individual elements using standard formula and are optimized
to get the best possible results then concluded that that there is good agreement between theoretical and simulated
results.
 In [5] proposed correlation between simulated and tested results for multiple Beamforming network using 4x4
Butler Matrix in 2.4 GHz ISM band. The method is carried out using array of four 2.4 GHz rectangular patch
microstrip antennas to verify the beamforming functionality of the 4×4 Butler Matrix. And concluded as the 4×4
Butler Matrix is able to provide adequate phase difference and uniform amplitude to the antenna array in order to
function as a beamforming network in the frequency range of interest.
 In [6] Proposed an application of the butler matrix is studied in accordance of development of switched beam
smart antenna. The method is carried out using microstrip technology. Concluded that Smart antenna parameters
like efficiency, directivity and maximum scan angel are improved while physical size of the antenna is minimized.
 This thesis is aimed to form steering beam with high directivity using power switching at the ports of the antennas.
 Design of single element microstrip 6

patch antenna and butler matrix

   Microstrip patch antenna Dimensions of Hybrid coupler

and crossover
11.15mm W1=3.4mm
Effective dielectric constant ()=3.73 L1=17.12mm
Effective length (Leff)=0.049mm W1=3.059mm
length extension (ΔL) =0.72mm
L1=17.124mm
length of the patch ()=0.048mm
Substrate width and length=8.209 mm,20.75mm
Feed line length (Lf)=0.0027mm
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Simulation result

The range of the dB-scaled voltage plot The far-field radiation pattern of a 4*1 microstrip patch
antenna array connected to the butler matrix
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Cont.
The effect of antenna spacing on beamforming
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Cont.

Beam radiated at 90degree and 270 degree(Beam steering)

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Conclusion and recommendation

 In this thesis work, single element microstrip patch antenna and butler matrix is designed and
simulated.
 we showed how beam is formed and directed to the desired direction by comparing the
adjacent antenna spacing and phase difference of the adjacent antenna elements.
 we recommend to develop it in to the hardware parts and to benefit from its application.
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Reference
Thank you!