Biodiversity

– Biodiversity is defined as “the – Biodiversity is the

variability among living organisms foundation of 
from all sources including, inter ecosystem services to
alia, terrestrial, marine and other which human 
aquatic ecosystems and the well-being is
ecological complexes of which they intimately linked.
are part; this includes diversity
 within species, between species
and of ecosystems.”
Biodiversity

So what’s an Ecosystem?
Ecosystem

So what’s the relationship between these species?

 Five Types of Ecological
Relationship
Predation
– Predation is when one organism eats
another organism to obtain
nutrients. The organism that is eaten
is called the prey.
Competition
– Competition is when individuals or
populations compete for the same
resource, and can occur within or
between species.
Commensalism
– Commensalism is a relationship in which
one organism benefits while the other is
neither helped nor harmed.
Parasitism
– Parasitism is a relationship in which one
organism benefits and the other
organism is harmed, but not always
killed. The organism that benefits is
called the parasite, and the one that is
harmed is the host.
 Five Types of Ecological
Relationship
Mutualism
– Mutualism is a relationship in
which both species benefit.
Mutualistic interaction patterns
occur in three forms.
– Obligate mutualism is when one
species cannot survive apart from
the other.
Mutualism
– Diffusive mutualism is when one
organism can live with more than
one partner.
– Facultative mutualism is when one
species can survive on its own
under certain conditions.
Biodiversity And
Stability
Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and
individuals leads to greater stability.
For example, species with high genetic diversity and
many populations that are adapted to a wide variety
of conditions are more likely to be able to weather
disturbances, disease, and climate change.
 The Value of Species
Direct values
 The direct value include food
resources like grains, vegetables,
fruits which are obtained from
plant resources and meat, fish,
egg, milk and milk products from
animal resources. These also
include other values like
medicine, fuel, timber, fiber,
wool, wax, resin, rubber, silk and
decorative items.
Indirect values
 Biodiversity provides indirect
benefits to human beings which
support the existence of
biological life and other benefits
which are difficult to quantify.
These include social and cultural
values, ethical values, aesthetic
values, option values and
environment service values.
The Value of Species

Aesthetic value
 There is a great aesthetic value
which is attached to biodiversity.
Natural landscapes at undisturbed
places are a delight to watch and
also provide opportunities for
recreational activities like bird
watching, photography etc.
Population Growth

– In biology or human – When birth rate is higher

geography, population than death rate, the
growth is the increase in population grows.
the number of individuals – When death rate is higher
in a population. than birth rate the
population declines
Population Density
– Population density (in
agriculture: standing stock and
standing crop) is a
measurement of population per
unit area, or exceptionally unit
volume; it is a quantity of type
number density. It is frequently
applied to living organisms,
most of the time to humans.
– It is a key geographical
term. In simple terms,
population density
refers to the number of
people living in an area
per square kilometer.
Limiting Factors
– A limiting factor is a – These can be either physical or
resource or environmental
condition which limits the
growth, distribution or
abundance of an
organism or population
within an ecosystem.
biological factors which can be
identified through a response
of increased or decreased
growth, abundance, or
distribution of a population,
when the factor is changed
and when the other factors
necessary to life are not.
Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter

how small, all have an important role to play.

For example,
A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops
Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms
Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a variety of
disasters.
And so, while we dominate this planet, we still need to preserve the
diversity in wildlife.
Output in Science

Submitted by : Submitted to :
– John Michael A. Relova – Maam Joy Nuñez
– Arnold Santiago
– Glezer Kenn Majaducon