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  • PHIL 1110 Introduction to Philosophy 哲學概論: Chong-Fuk Lau November 5, 2020

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    This document summarizes several topics in philosophy including: 1) Creationism and Intelligent Design which argues that complexity in organisms cannot be explained by Darwinian evolution and points to an intelligent designer. 2) The Problem of Evil discussed through Epicurus' Paradox which questions how God can be both willing and able to prevent evil. 3) Theodicies which are proposed justifications of God in light of the problem of evil such as free will defense and afterlife defense. 4) Mind and body dualism discussed through Pythagoras' view of the immortal soul, Plato's simplicity argument, and Cartesian substance dualism which views the mind and body as distinct substances that interact.

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    This document summarizes several topics in philosophy including: 1) Creationism and Intelligent Design which argues that complexity in organisms cannot be explained by Darwinian evolution and points to an intelligent designer. 2) The Problem of Evil discussed through Epicurus' Paradox which questions how God can be both willing and able to prevent evil. 3) Theodicies which are proposed justifications of God in light of the problem of evil such as free will defense and afterlife defense. 4) Mind and body dualism discussed through Pythagoras' view of the immortal soul, Plato's simplicity argument, and Cartesian substance dualism which views the mind and body as distinct substances that interact.

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    12 views7 pages

    PHIL 1110 Introduction to Philosophy 哲學概論: Chong-Fuk Lau November 5, 2020

    Uploaded by

    MelodyLo
    This document summarizes several topics in philosophy including: 1) Creationism and Intelligent Design which argues that complexity in organisms cannot be explained by Darwinian evolution and points to an intelligent designer. 2) The Problem of Evil discussed through Epicurus' Paradox which questions how God can be both willing and able to prevent evil. 3) Theodicies which are proposed justifications of God in light of the problem of evil such as free will defense and afterlife defense. 4) Mind and body dualism discussed through Pythagoras' view of the immortal soul, Plato's simplicity argument, and Cartesian substance dualism which views the mind and body as distinct substances that interact.

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    of 7

    Chong-Fuk Lau

    Lecture 8
    November 5, 2020

    PHIL 1110
    Introduction to Philosophy
    哲學概論
    Creationism and Intelligent Design
    • Biblical (Young Earth) Creationism
    • Intelligent Design Theory
    • Intelligent design observable in nature, esp. organisms.
    • Complexity can’t be explained by Darwinian evolution.
    • Designer is unknown, but presumably Christian God.
    • Design Inference? Paley’s Watch vs. ID Organisms
    • By Deterministic Mechanism? If not, then by Chance?
    • If not, then it must be by Design!?
    • From Complexity to Design
    • Neither Necessary nor Sufficient
    • Fallacy of Appeal to Ignorance
    The Problem of Evil
    • Epicurus (Greek philosophy, 341–270BC)
    • Epicurus’ Paradox or Trilemma
    • Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able?
    • Then he is not omnipotent.
    • Is he able, but not willing?
    • Then he is malevolent.
    • Is he both able and willing?
    • Then whence cometh evil?
    • Is he neither able nor willing?
    • Then why call him God?
    Theodicies (= justifying God)
    • God is not omnipotent or not perfectly good.
    • There is no Evil
    • Evil as Privation of Good
    • Evil for a Good Reason
    • Free Will Defense
    • Soul-Making Defense
    • Afterlife Defense
    • Leibniz’ Best of All Possible Worlds
    • Logical vs. Evidential Problem of Evil
    Mind and Body
    • Pythagoras’ Reincarnation
    • Immortality of the Soul (psyché)
    • Death as the Separation of Soul from Body
    • Doctrine of Transmigration or Reincarnation
    • Plato’ Simplicity Argument
    • Things cease to exist iff their parts are separated.
    • The soul has no parts at all.
    • Thus, the soul cannot cease to exist, i.e., it is immortal.
    • Aristotle’s Functionalism
    • Three Functions: Nutrition (Plants), Perception
    (Animals), Rational Thought (Men)
    • Soul as Organization Form & Body as Matter
    Cartesian Dualism
    • The I in “I think, therefore I am”.
    • Substance Dualism
    • Extended thing: spatial, divisible
    • Thinking thing: simple, conscious
    • Interactionism & Ghost in the Machine
    • Human beings consist of a mind and a body; animals
    have no mind, they are just machines!
    • Mind and body are united and interact with each other.
    • Interaction takes place in the pineal gland of the brain.
    Readings
    • Rachels, Problems from Philosophy, Chapter 3.

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