Defining Globalization

Globaliz Defining
ation
SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World
2
Globalization
 can be described as a
process by which the people
of the world are unified into
a single society and function
together.
3
Globalization
 is a combination of
ECONOMIC,
TECHNOLOGICAL,
SOCIOCULTURAL and
POLITICAL forces. It is a
4
Globalization
 is often used to refer to economic
globalization, that is, integration
of national economies into the
international economy through
trade, foreign direct investment,
capital flows, migration, and the
5
Globalization
 increases the possibilities of
personal exchange, mutual
understanding and friendship
between “world citizens”.
6
Globalization
 Academically speaking,
Globalization is “The
expansion &
INTENSIFICATION of social
7
Globalization
 It must not be confused with
“making things common
around the world.” It is an
INTEGRATION and not
SIMULATION.
8
Globalization
 is a concept that is not
easy to define because
in reality, globalization
has a shifting nature.
9
GLOBALIZATION

10
Effects of Globalization
Globalization has various aspects which affect the
world in several different ways such as:
1. Industrial 1. Competitio
2. Financial n
3. Economic 2. Cultural
4. Political 3. Ecological
5. Legal/Ethic 4. Social
al 5. Technical
6. Language
11
 INDUSTRIAL
 emergence of worldwide production
markets and broader access to a
range of foreign products for
consumers and companies.
Particularly movement of material
and goods between and within
national boundaries.
12
 FINANCIAL
 emergence of worldwide financial
markets and better access to
external financing for borrowers;
emergence of under or un-
regulated foreign exchange and
speculative markets.
13
 ECONOMIC
 realization of a global common
market, based on the freedom of
exchange of goods and capital.

14
 POLITICAL
 some use "globalization" to mean the
creation of a world government, or
cartels of governments (e.g. World
Trade Organization, World Bank, and
International Monetary Fund) which
regulate the relationships among
governments and guarantees the rights
15
 LEGAL/ETHICAL
 The creation of the international
criminal court and international
justice movements.
 Crime importation and raising
awareness of global crime-fighting
efforts and cooperation.
16
 LANGUAGE
 the most popular language is English.
 About 75% of the world's mail, telex, and
cables are in English.
 Approximately 60% of the world's radio
programs are in English.
 About 90% of all Internet traffic is using
English.
17
 COMPETITION
 Survival in the new global business
market calls for improved productivity
and increased competition.
 many industries around the world doing
the same thing, so Industries have to
upgrade their products and use
technology skillfully to compete.
18
 CULTURAL
 growth of cross-cultural contacts
 the desire to increase one's standard of
living and enjoy foreign products and
ideas, adopt new technology and
practices, and participate in a "world
culture".
19
 ECOLOGICAL
 the start of global environmental challenges
that might be solved with international
cooperation,
 climate change, cross-boundary water, air
pollution, over-fishing
 factories are built in developing countries
with less environmental regulation which
20 Effects of Globalization
 SOCIAL
 Spreading of multiculturalism, and better
individual access to cultural diversity through
media.
 Greater international travel and tourism
 Greater immigration, including illegal
immigration
 Worldwide fads and pop culture, i.e. Pokémon,
 TECHNICAL
 Development of a global telecommunications
infrastructure and greater data flow even into
the world’s most remote areas
 Internet: creation and proliferation of information
via the internet & world wide web
 communication satellites: broadcast information
through space around the planet nearly
simultaneously allowing for communications

 TECHNICAL
 Television: information from around the world can
be seen anywhere in the world
 submarine fiber optic cable
 wireless telephones
 Increase in the number of standards applied
globally; e.g. copyright laws, patents and world
trade agreements.
23

24
DIMENSIONS
OF GLOBALIZATION
CULTURAL POLITICAL
ECONOMICAL

25 WHAT IS CULTURE?
 It is the customs,
arts, social
institutions, and
achievements of a
particular nation,
people, or other
social group.

26
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
 The transmission of ideas, meanings and
values around the world in such a way as to
extend and intensify social relations.
 This has added to the processes of
commodity exchange and colonization.

27
Cultural Globalization
• A visible aspect of cultural globalization is the diffusion of
certain cuisines such as American fast food chains. The
most successful global food and beverage outlets:

28 Cultural Globalization
 It involves reshaping global products in order to
incorporate them into the local society and their
preferences.
 McDonald’s serves nearly 70 million people every
day. They have more than 35,000 restaurants
worldwide in over 100 countries. In order to cater to
cultural traditions, laws, and religious beliefs,
McDonald’s expanded its menu.
29
The Two
Contrasting Approaches to
Cultural Globalization

30 Globalization as Homogenization
 HOMOGENEITY
 is the INCREASING SAMENESS in the world
as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political
orientations of societies expand to create common
practices, same economies, and similar forms of
government.
 is also linked to cultural imperialism.
31 Globalization as Homogenization
 CULTURAL DIVERSITY is lost and
could lead to a SINGLE global culture.
 POPULARIZATION and DIFFUSION
of wide array of cultural symbols not
only physical objects but customs, ideas
and values.
32
Globalization as Homogenization
• This is the process by which local

cultures are transformed or
absorbed by a dominant outside
culture.

33  An example of Globalization as Homogenization
 The way consumption has been globalized
through fast food joints such as McDonald - known
as McDonaldization.
 American sociologist GEORGE RITZER states
that McDonaldization is the process by which the
principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to
dominate more and more sectors of American society
as well as the rest of the world.

34
Globalization as Heterogenization
 HETEROGENEITY
 pertains to the creation of VARIOUS
cultural practices, new economies, and
political groups because of the interaction
of elements from different societies in the
world.

35
Globalization as Heterogenization
 is the differences because of either lasting
differences or of the hybrids or
combinations of cultures that can be
produced through the different processes.

36 Dynamics of Local and Global Culture
 Three Perspective on Global Cultural Flows
DIFFERENTIALIS HYBRIDIZATION CONVERGENCE

M
37 Dynamics of Local and
Global Culture
1. CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM
 emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially
different and are only affected by global flows.
 defines culture as a clearly bound entity with a
specific location.

38

Global Culture
2. CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION
• is the development of new culture by MERGING
two or more than two different cultures through a
period of contact and interaction.
• is the integration of local and global cultures
(glocalization)

40 CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION
 Ex. The English language has developed from a mixture of

multiple backgrounds, including German, French and Latin.
 Common English Words that came from other Languages
• French- Ballet, Café, Entrepreneur, Genre, rendezvous
• German- fest, kindergarten, rucksack
• Latin- alias, et cetera, agenda, impromptu

41

Global Culture
3. CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
• it stresses homogeneity
• is when different cultures become SIMILAR
or even come together.

43 CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
 Example
 English Language:
English has become
quite widespread as the
international second
language throughout the
world.

44

45
WHAT IS ECONOMICS?
 It is concerned with
the production,
distribution,
consumption of goods
and services.

46
ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION
 It is the spread of TRADE, TRANSPORTATION
and COMMUNICATION SYSTEM in a global
scale in the interest of promoting international
commerce.

47
ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION
 is the increasing economic interdependence
of national economies across the world
through a rapid increase in cross-border
movement of goods, service, technology, and
capital.
48
International Trade
 is the exchange of capital goods, and
services across international borders
or territories.

49
International Trade

50
Two Types of Economy
PROTECTIONISM TRADE LIBERALIZATION

51 Protectionism
 refers to the practice of
the government in
which they are putting
limits on foreign trade
to protect local
businesses and jobs
from foreign
competition.
52 Trade Liberalization
 refers to the lessening of
government regulations,
restrictions and trade
barriers in an economy in
exchange for greater
participation by private
entities to make
international trade easier
between countries.
53
Trade Barriers
 These are government policies which place
restrictions on international trade.
 Trade barriers can either make trade more
difficult and expensive or prevent trade
completely.
 The major purpose of trade barriers is to
promote local products than exported products.
54 Trade Barriers
1. TARIFF
 is a TAX OR DUTY to be paid on a particular
class of imports or exports.
 Tariffs work by increasing the price of the import.
Those higher prices give an advantage to domestic
products within the same market. They are used to
protect a nation's industry.

55 A Ball pen from Philippines (No Tariff)
₱3
B Ball pen from Other Country (With Tariff)
₱6
56
2. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
 Any barrier other than tariff and it
do not affect the price of the products
but it affects the quality and quantity.

57 2. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
a) LICENSES: License is granted by the government, and
allows the importing of certain goods to the country.
b) QUOTAS: Under this system, a country may fix in
advance, the limit of import quantity of commodity that
would be permitted for import from various countries
during a given period.
c) PRODUCT STANDARDS: The importing country
imposes standards for goods. If the standards are not met,
the goods are rejected.
58 2. NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
d)PRODUCT LABELING: certain countries insist on
specific labeling of the products.
 E.g.. European Union insist on products labeling in
major languages in EU.
e)PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS: certain nations insist
on particular type of packaging of goods.
 E.g.. EU insist on packaging with recyclable materials.

59
International Financial
Institutions

60 International Financial Institutions
 World Bank
 The World Bank was created out of the BRETTON
WOODS AGREEMENT, as a result of many European and
Asian countries needing financing to fund reconstruction
efforts.
 As of 2016, the Bank predominantly acts as an organization
that attempts to fight poverty by offering developmental
assistance to middle- and poor-income countries.

 INTERNATIONAL BANK RECONSTRUCTION
AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD)
 is a global development cooperative owned by 189 member
countries.
 It supports the World Bank Group’s mission by providing loans,
guarantees, risk management products, and advisory services to
middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries.

 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

 is an organization of 189 COUNTRIES, working to
foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial
stability, facilitate international trade, promote high
employment and sustainable economic growth, and
reduce poverty around the world.

63

64

65

66
World Trade Organization
 Deals with the regulation of trade in
goods, services and intellectual
property between nations.
 It regulates international trades .
 Acts as forum in negotiation trade agreements.

67
Aspects of World Trade Organization

68 Positive Negative
• Solves trade • Focusing on a developed
dispute between nations.
countries in a • To achieve lower cost, in
peaceful ways. developed countries labor
• Lower the cost of right and environmental
goods and services . concerns are usually ignore.
• Promote economic • Favoring the rich nations
growth in and powerful transnational
developing nations. corporations.
Economic
69
Globalization
The biggest issue created by Economic
Globalization is about the ENVIRONMENT.

70
Economic Globalization
 SUSTAINABILITY
 The degree to which the earth can provide resources for human
needs.
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 The needs of the present day generation are met by preserving
resources.

71
 Philippine Council for Sustainable
Development
 Created under Fidel V. Ramos
 Executive Order No. 15

72
 Philippine Council for Sustainable
Development
 Philippine Agenda 21 (PA 21) a strategy
which promotes the development of the
nation through appropriate productivity,
participatory and democratic processes
and living in harmony and within the
limits of carrying capacity of nature and
integrity of creation.
73
 Stewardship
 Taking responsibility of earth’s resources so that
future generations will be able to have access.

74
 KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
 Individuals or businesses that use education , research,
innovative ideas, and informative technologies for a
variety of constructive purposes.

75
Political Globalization

76 Political Globalization
 refers to the amount of political

cooperation that exists between different
countries.
 The growth of the worldwide political
system, both in size and complexity.

77 Political Globalization
• United Nations is one example of Political

Globalizations.
• Its main objectives are: to maintain
international peace and security and
promoting human rights and global
development.

Defining Globalization

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Globaliz Defining

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

simultaneously allowing for communications

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

• This is the process by which local

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

DIFFERENTIALIS HYBRIDIZATION CONVERGENCE

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

 Ex. The English language has developed from a mixture of

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

PROTECTIONISM TRADE LIBERALIZATION

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

B Ball pen from Other Country (With Tariff)

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

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 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

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Aspects of World Trade Organization

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

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SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

 refers to the amount of political

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

• United Nations is one example of Political

SOCSCI 100 The Contemporary World

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