HISTOLOGI

ORGAN DAN
SISTEM
SIRKULASI
dr. Ni Made Mahastuti,
M.Biomed, Sp.PA
DEFINITION
o Circulation system: the system in the body by
which blood and lymph are circulated
o 2 parts :
 BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
 LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
 FUNCTION :
 deliver oxygenated blood to cells and tissues
 Return venous blood to lung for gaseous exchange
 Blood vasc syst consist of : heart, major arteries,
arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
 HEART
 Pumping over 6000lt of blood
 Beats more than 40million times

Supply of vital nutrients and facilitating the

excretion of waste products
Cardiac structures
 Weight : varies, normally ± 250 to 300gm(F), 300
to 350gm (M) or about 0.4% to 0.5% of body
weight.
 Thickness : 0.3 to 0.5 cm (RV), 1.3 to 1.5 cm (LV)

Hypertrophy, dilatation, cardiomegaly

 The wall of heart consist of 3 layers :
 Inner endocardium
 Middle myocardium
 Outer epicardium
Endocardium
 simple squamous endothelium and a thin
subendothelial connective tissue
 Subendocardial layer : connective tissue consist of
small blood vessels and purkinje fibers.
Myocardium
 Thickest layer : cardiac muscle fibers consist of cardiac myocytes
 Ventricular myocytes: arranged circumferentially
 Atrial myocytes : smaller than ventricular and haphazardly
arranged
 Cardiac muscle fiber are cylindrical with shorter and branched
one or two central nuclei
 Sarcomere: actin and myosin filaments, troponin and tropomyosin
protein contractile unit
 Intercalated disk : gap junctions that enable ionic communication
and continuity between adjacent cardiac muscle fibres
1. Central nucleus
2. Branching fi bres
3. Intercalated disc
4. Perinuclear halo
5. Capillary
Epicardium
 Simple squamous mesothelium and subepcardial
layer of connective tissue
 Subepicardial tissue :connective tissue, adipose
tissue and coronary blood vessels
 Annulus fibrosus : dense fibrous connective tissue
between atrium and ventricle
 Mitral valve : separates atrium from ventricle
 Chorda tendenia : connective tissue, extend from
cusps of the valve and attach to the papillary
muscles
 Trabeculae carnae : muscular ridges on the inner
surface of ventricle
 ARTERIES
 The wall of artery contains three concentric layers or tunic :
 Tunica intima
 Endothelium
 Subendothelial connective tissue
 Tunica media
 Smooth muscle fibres
 Elastic and reticular fibres
 Tunica adventitia
 Collagen and elastic connective tissue
 External elastic lamina (only in large and medium arteri)
 Internal elastic lamina is located between the tunica intima and
tunica media, this layer is not seen in smaller arteries
Layer in the wall of a typical artery
 Types of arteries :
 Elastic arteries
 Muscular arteries
 Arterioles
 Arteries leave the heart to distribute the oxygenated
blood
 Capillary : the smallest vessel
 Elastic Arteries
 The largest blood vessels :
 Pulmonary trunk
 Aorta

 Branchiocephalic
 Common carotid
 Subclavian
 Vertebral
 Pulmonary
 Common iliac arteries

The walls primarily composed of 1. T intima, 2. T media, 3.T.adventitia

elastic connective tissue fibers
flexibility
Muscular arteries
 The medium sized of
elastic arteries
 The most numerous
vessels in the body
 Contain greater
amounts of smooth
muscle fibers.
 Two thin of elastic
fibres
Arterioles
 Arterioles : smallest
branches of the
arterial system,
deliver blood to the
capillaries
 VEINS
o Structural is generally the same with arteries
o Three layers :
 Tunica intima
 Endothelium
 Subendothelial connective tissue
 Tunica media (thin)
 Smooth muscles
 Connective tissue fibres
 Tunica adventitia (the thickest layer)
 Longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle fibres
 Three type of veins : small, medium, large
 Medium and large veins have valves to prevent the
backflow
 Venule : united of capillaries, received blood from
capillaries.
Veins. 1. t intima
2. t media
3. t adventitia
Cf : collagen fiber
Sm : smooth muscle
 Medium sized artery (A)
and vein (V).
The right half shows
appearance when elastic
fibres are stained black.

1–internal elasticlamina;

2–tunica media;
3–tunica adventitia,
 CAPILLARIES
 Cappilaries are the smallest blood vessel
 The average of diameter is about 8µm
 Three types : continous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
capillaries
Continous Fenestrated Sinusoidal
capillaries capillaries capillaries
 LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEM
 This system starts as blind-
ending tubules or lymphatic
capilaries
 Collect the excess lymph
 The structure of large lymph
vessels is similar to that of
veins but much thinner (the
endothelium is extremely
thin)
 Found in all tissue except :
CNS, cartilage, bone, bone
marrow, thymus, placenta
and teeth.
Thank you