Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Edema paru
- Kegagalan ventrikel kiri
- Gagal ginjal
- Acute respiratory distrees syndrome.
- Penyakit infeksi dan peradangan paru
Edema Otak
- Terlokalisir
- Generalisata.
HIPEREMIA DAN KONGESTI
Local increased volume of blood in a particular
tissue
Hyperemia: an active processresulting from
augmented blood flow due to arteriolar dilation
(inflamation, exercise)
Congestion: -a passive processresulting from
impaired venous return out of a tissue
ex : -systemically, as in cardiac failure,
-local, resulting from an isolated venous
obstruction
HEMORHAGI
Hemorrhage is extravasationof blood from
vessels into the extravascularspace.
Capillary bleeding can occur under conditions
of chronic congestion; an increased tendency
to hemorrhage.
Rupture of a large artery or vein results in
severe hemorrhage, and is almost always due
to vascular injury, including trauma,
atherosclerosis, or inflammatory or
neoplasticerosion of the vessel wall.
Hemorrhage can be external or can be confined within
a tissue; any accumulation is referred to as a
hematoma.
Minute (1-to 2-mm) hemorrhages into skin, mucous
membranes, or serosal surfaces are called petechiae
Slightly larger (3-to 5-mm) hemorrhages are called
purpura
Larger (1-to 2-cm) subcutaneous hematomas (bruises)
are called ecchymoses.
Large accumulations of blood in one or another of the
body cavities are called hemothorax,
hemopericardium, hemoperitoneum,or
hemarthrosis(in joints).
HEMOSTASIS DAN TROMBOSIS
Pathogenesis
(trias virchow)
– Endothelial injury
– Turbulence of blood flow
– Hypercoagulability
PATOGENESIS
Jejas Endotelial
Penyebab penting terjadinya trombosis, tu di
jantung dan arteri
Terjadinya trombosis, endotel tidak perlu terlepas
atau secara fisik terputus; setiap gangguan pada
keseimbangan dinamik antara efek efek
protrombotik dan antiprotrombotik endotel dapat
mempengaruhi pembekuan secara lokal.
PATOGENESIS
Hiperkoagulabilitas
Primer(genetik)
Sekunder (Didapat)
• Lokasi trombus :
Arteri, vena (flebotrombosis), rongga jantung,
katup jantung
• Akibat-akibat trombosis :
➢ Trombus yang terbentuk dalam vena menimbulkan :
statis darah, bendungan pasif, edema dan kadang-
kadang nekrosis
➢ Trombus dalam arteri menimbulkan :
iskhemia, nekrosis, infark atau gangren
ARTERIAL TROMBI
EFFECTS OF THROMBI
Stenosis or blockage of arterial lumen
Ischemia, Infarction
Venous occlusion
Systemic embolism
EMBOLUS
Embolus :
suatu massa berbentuk padat, cair, atau gas
intravaskular yang terlepas dan dibawa oleh darah
ke tempat yang jauh dari tempat asalnya.
Embolus : trombus yang terlepas
(tromboembolisme)
Bentuk jarang : butiran lemak, gelembung udara
atau nitrogen, debris aterosklerotik,fragmen tumor,
kepingan sumsum tlg, benda asing spt peluru
Menyebabkan oklusi pemb.darah parsial / komplit
Embolisasi sistemik nekrosis iskemik (infark)
Sirkulasi paru hipoksia, hipotensi, dan gagal jtg
kanan
JENIS EMBOLUS
EMBOLI BESAR BERASAL DARI TROMBOSIS VENA DALAM PADA
EKSTR.INF DAN SEKARANG TERJEPIT DI DALAM SUATU CABANG ARTERIA
PULMONALIS
ISKHEMIA
Definisi
Suatu daerah nekrosis iskemik yang disebabkan
oleh tersumbatnya aliran darah pada jaringan yang
terkena
Neurogenic
Loss of vascular tone and peripheral pooling of
blood
Anesthetic accident or spinal cord injury
Anaphylactic
Systemicvasodilation and increased vascular
permeability
IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction
TERIMA KASIH