ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
A project by:
Faraz Thakur
Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of voltage across a
conductor moving through a magnetic field.
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of the
induction phenomenon in 1831 though it may have been
anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829.
Around 1830 to 1832 Joseph Henry made a similar discovery,
but did not publish his findings until later
Basic Concepts
Magnetic Flux: It basically comprises of magnetic lines of
force.
It is denoted by the symbol ‘Φ’.
Magnetic Flux Density(B): It is the no. of magnetic lines
of force originating per unit area.
It is given by the formula-
B=Φ/A
where, Φ – magnetic flux
A – area
Faraday's Laws Of Induction
Basic Law: Law For Coil Of Wire:
Faraday's law of For the common but special
electromagnetic induction case of a coil of wire,
states that the electromotive composed of N loops with
force (EMF) produced the same area, Faraday's law
around a closed path is of electromagnetic induction
proportional to the rate of states that:
change of the magnetic flux
through any surface
bounded by that path.
Types Of Induced E.M.F.:
Based on Faraday's Law, there are two types of induced e.m.f.-
1) Dynamically Induced e.m.f.
The induce e.m.f. produced by moving a conductor in a
uniform magnetic field is known as dynamically induced e.m.f.
In this type of e.m.f., normally magnetic field is stationary &
the conductor moves & then it cuts the flux.
It is given by the formula:
e= Blv sinθ
where, Blv= flux cut per second by the conductor
sinθ= angle made by conductor with the
magnetic field
• 2) Statically Induced e.m.f.:
The induced e.m.f. produced by the conductor is
stationary & increasing or decreasing the magnitude
of the current, producing the linking flux is called
statically induced e.m.f.
It has two types-
1) Self induced e.m.f.
2) Mutually induced e.m.f.
Types Of Static Induction:
1)Self Induction 2)Mutual Induction
Induction of e.m.f. in a coil Induction of e.m.f. when the
by the change in linking flux current in the first coil is
due to change in current changed & the flux produced
flowing through it. is linking with the second.
Where, E= Induced e.m.f. Where, E1= Induced e.m.f. in coil 1
I= Current I2= Current in coil 2
L= Coefficient of S.I. M= Coefficient of M.I.
Inductor
An inductor is a device that produces a uniform magnetic field
when a current passes through it. A solenoid is an inductor.
It basically works on Faraday’s law for a coil with ‘n’
turns
In a circuit diagram, an inductor is shown like this:
Charging & Discharging Of An Inductor
In the above circuit, the light bulb is a resistor. The wire in the coil has much lower
resistance, so what you would expect when you turn on the switch is for the bulb to
glow very dimly. Most of the current should follow the low-resistance path through the
loop. What happens instead is that when you close the switch, the bulb burns brightly
and then gets dimmer. When you open the switch, the bulb burns very brightly and then
quickly goes out.
Concept:
The reason for this strange behavior is the inductor. When current
first starts flowing in the coil, the coil wants to build up a
magnetic field. While the field is building, the coil inhibits the
flow of current. Once the field is built, current can flow normally
through the wire. When the switch gets opened, the magnetic
field around the coil keeps current flowing in the coil until the
field collapses. This current keeps the bulb lit for a period of time
even though the switch is open. In other words, an inductor can
store energy in its magnetic field, and an inductor tends to resist
any change in the amount of current flowing through it. Thus an
inductor charges & discharges.
Functions & Applications of an Inductor
•Functions:
1) It opposes the flow of alternating current through it.
2) It bypasses the direct current through it very easily.
3) It stores the magnetic field in it.
4) It removes the ripple from D.C. power supply.
•Applications:
1) It is used to minimize the alternating current.
2) It is used for allowing the flow of direct current.
3) It is used in filter circuits to minimize the ripple voltage.
4) It is used in tuning circuits to select the frequency.
5) It is used for interstage coupling of amplifier.
Applications Of Electromagnetic Induction
1)An Electric Generator:
An electric motor is a device for transforming electrical
energy into mechanical energy; an electric generator does
the reverse, using mechanical energy to generate electricity.
At the heart of both motors and generators is a wire coil in a
magnetic field. In fact, the same device can be used as a
motor or a generator.
When the device is used as a motor, a current is passed
through the coil. The interaction of the magnetic field with
the current causes the coil to spin. To use the device as a
generator, the coil can be spun, inducing a current in the
coil.
2)Transformer:
Using AC power, and Faraday's law of induction, there is
a very simple way to increase voltage and decrease
current (or vice versa), and that is to use a transformer. A
transformer is made up of two coils, each with a
different number of loops, linked by an iron core so the
magnetic flux from one passes through the other. It
basically works on the principle of mutual induction.
When the flux generated by one coil changes (as it does
continually if the coil is connected to an AC power
source), the flux passing through the other will change,
inducing a voltage in the second coil. With AC power,
the voltage induced in the second coil will also be AC.
Other Applications Include:
Phonograph Cartridges
Magnetic Tape Readers
Ground Fault Interrupters (GFI)
Electric Guitar Pickup Coils
Alternators
References:
Wepapers.com
Wikipedia.org
Howstuffworks.com
