Principle of Refrigeration

●
Refrigeration is a process of transferring heat from one
area to another.
●
If we remove heat from one substance, it becomes cold,
and cold is merely the absence of heat.
●
The removal of heat in a substance prevents the
multiplication of microbes that contributes major cause
of food spoilage.
●
The prime application of refrigeration is for the
preservation of food.
 Artificial Refrigeration

MECHANICAL
REFRIGERATION ABSORPTION
(VAPOR SYSTEM
COMPRESSION)
Mechanical Refrigeration
(Vapor Compression)
 1. The mechanical Refrigeration System
•
The mechanical refrigeration system or the vapor
-compression system has four stages taking place in
following refrigeration components;

3
HEAT OUT HEAT IN
2 4
1
Compressor
●
the "heart " of the system.
●
It compresses the low- pressure gas refrigerant into high-
pressure gas refrigerant, thus increasing the temperature.
●
It lowers the pressure in the evaporator.
●
Keeps the refrigerant moving in the system.
Evaporator
●
It is a coil where the heat is being absorbed in order that
it may be removed and transferred to the condenser.
●
Known as "freezer", cooling coil or chilling unit.
●
It can be found in the low-pressure side of the system.

Heat IN
Condenser

●
It is also a coil of tubes where heat being absorbed in the
evaporator discharge into the atmosphere.
●
It can be found in the high pressure side of the system.

Heat OUT
Expansion Valve
●
A metering device that controls the flow of refrigerant to
the evaporator.
●
It reduces the high pressure liquid refrigerant to a low
pressure liquid refrigerant in the correct quantities to
operate the system at maximum efficiency and without
overloading the compressor.
Refrigerant
●
If the compressor is the "heart" of the system, the
refrigerant is the "blood" of the system.
●
A refrigerant is a fluid that easily boils at a lower
temperature.
●
It absorbs heat in the evaporator and discharges it into
the condenser.
Refrigeration Cycle
Absorption System of Refrigeration
Absorption System
The absorption cycle is a process by which
refrigeration effect is produced through the use of two
fluids and some quantity of heat input, rather than
electrical input as in the more familiar vapor
compression cycle.
 In the absorption system, a
secondary fluid or absorbent is used to circulate the
refrigerant. Because the temperature requirements for the
cycle fall into the low-to-moderate temperature range,
and there is significant potential for electrical energy
savings.
 Principle of Operation
●
Heat from the gas
heater causes the
ammonia gas,
water vapor and a
weak solution of
ammonia to go into
the SEPARATOR.
●
Water flows
into the
absorber.
●
Ammonia gas
goes to the
CONDENSER,
is cooled and
become liquid
ammonia.
●
In the
EVAPORATOR
coils, in contact with
hydrogen it changes
to a gas and absorbs
heat.
●
The gas returns to
the ABSORBER and
is dissolved in water
and repeats the cycle.
●
The hydrogen is not
dissolved but returns
to the
EVAPORATOR.