Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

Ergogenic Aids

 Ergogenic aid telah menjadi perhatian karena

meningkatnya popularitas beberapa senyawa non-
gizi yang telah dipromosikan untuk sifat-sifat
meningkatkan performa.
 Training atletik dan kompetisi yang intensif dapat
diasosiasikan dengan meningkatnya penggunaan dan
ketergantungan kepada ergogenic aid oleh atlit.
 Frekuensi intake sepertinya meningkat selama
musim kompetisi dan menurun selama bukan musim
kompetisi.
• Walaupun riset terhadap efektifitas
senyawa-senyawa ini equivocal dari pada
manfaat yang dirasakan dari berbagai
ergogenic aid yang digunakan oleh atlit
mungkin lebih karena manfaat psikologi
ketimbang fisiologi dan orang- orang ini
perlu diajari mengenai efek negatif dan
manfaat bila ada dari ergoneic aid tersebut
• Ergogenic aids are any external influences which
can positively affect physical or mental
performance.
– include mechanical aids, pharmacological aids,
physiological aids, nutritional aids and psychological
aids.
• Ergogenic aids may directly influence the
physiological capacity of a particular body system
thereby
– improving performance,
– remove psychological constraints which impact
performance, and
– increase the speed of recovery from training and
competition.
• Synonymes: sports nutrition, sport supplements, sport drink,
performance enhancers, anabolic, weight loss aids, hydration
drinks, etc
• A comprehensive definition: dietary manipulations to
improve physical and sport performance.
• Dietary manipulations encompass three major efforts:
1. Alteration of food choices
2. Addition of macronutrients for spesific uses in sport and
exercise
3. Addition of micronutrients for specific uses in sports and
exercise
1. Alteration of food choices
2. Addition of macronutrients
3. Addition of micronutrients
Dietary Supplement
 Sports Foods and Dietary Supplements

• Sports foods and dietary supplements play a role in

providing a practical alternative to food. Examples
include:
– Sports drinks (e.g. Gatorade, Powerade)
– Sports gels (e.g. Powergel, GU, CarboShotz)
– Sports bars (e.g. PowerBar Performance bars)
– Liquid meal supplements (e.g. PowerBar Protein Plus
powder)
– Carbohydrate loaders/high carbohydrate powders (e.g.
Gatorlode, Maxim)
– Iron supplements, calcium supplements,
multivitamin/mineral supplements used under direction
of a sports physician or dietitian to prevent or treat a
dietary deficiency alone.
 Dietary Supplement Classes
• As defined by DSHEA, a dietary supplement is a
product other than tobacco intended to
supplement the diet containing one or more of the
following:
(1) vitamins;
(2) minerals;
(3) herb or other botanical;
(4) amino acid;
(5) dietary substance; and a concentrate,
metabolite, constituent, extract or
(6) combination of any of (1) through (5)
Where do supplements fit into the total nutrition
package for the athlete or exercising person?
• Nutritional ergogenic aids have an advantage over
other food or dietary supplements in being able to
make factual claims without making disease or
drug claims, in that physical performance is not
considered a disease or abnormal condition.
• The ability to craft claims from available
substantiations remains the major means of
communicating potential product benefits.
• Continued research on product quality, doping,
safety, certification, industry credibility and
efficacy of the nutritional ergogenic aids
themselves is needed.
Source: Ahrendt, D. M. 2007. Ergogenic Aids: Counseling the Athlete. American Family
Physician. MARCH 1, 2001 / VOLUME 63, NUMBER 5 (www.aafp.org/afp)
 Herb as Ergogenic Aids

ADDITIONAL NAMES EXAMPLES OF

HERB CLAIMED TO BENEFIT
FOR THE HERB SAFETY CONCERNS

Table S1

Mountain tobacco, Muscle pain, stiffness, May increase effects of

Arnica
leapord’s bane, wundkraut osteoarthritis anticoagulants

Huang chi, huang qi, milk May interact with

Astragalus Weak immune system, fatigue
vetch immunosupressant drugs

Capsicum, red pepper, Musculoskeletal pain, osteo- Digestive disorders, skin

Cayenne
African chilies arthritis, digestive problems irritation

Caterpillar fungus, dong Weak immune system, poor May reduce blood sugar
Cordyceps
chon xai cao, semitake endurance performance levels
 Grapple plant,
Muscle pain, digestive May interfere with
Devil’s Claw harpagophytum, wood
problems, fever antidiabetes drugs
spider

Purple coneflower, black Weak immune system, May interfere with

Echinacea
Sampson, Indian head colds, infections immunosuppressants

Colds, flu, fever, weak

Elderberry syrup, May interact with
Elderberry immune system, excess
American elder diuretics or laxatives
body water

Zingiberis rhizoma, May interact with

Nausea, vomiting, motion
Ginger ginger root, Jamaica anticoagu-lants and
sickness, osteoarthritis
ginger antidiabetes drugs

Poor endurance
Chinese ginseng, ciwuija, May interfere with
Ginseng performance, low energy,
Russian root anticoagulants
weak immune system

May interfere with

Indian pennywort,
Gotu Kola Varicose veins, edema hypoglycemic
hydrocotyle, kaki kuda
medications

Guarana gum, zoom

Guarana Excess body fat, lethargy Contains caffeine
cocoa, Brazilian cocoa
 Lethargy, fatigue, poor May interact with other
Rhodiola Golden root, Arctic root
endurance herbs

Mexican valerian, Insomnia, anxiety, May interact with other

Valerian
garden heliotrope, tagara depression sedatives

White willow, purple Fever, muscle pain, May interact with

Willow Bark
osier, bay willow osteoarthritis anticoagulants
TERIMA KASIH