By Njinga Alisson

DNA translation and the genetic code

What is translation

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Translation is the synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template
Key molecules
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mRNA tRNA
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Ribosome release factor

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Ribosome
Stage 1: initiation
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Eukaryote mRNA the substrate for translation
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Has a unique 3 prime end called the poly-a-tail
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MRNA contains codons that will encode for specific amino acids
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A methylated cap is found at the 5 prime end.
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Translation begins when the small of ribosome attaches to the
cap and moves to the initiation site.
Stage 2: elongation
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Trna contains an anticodon, wich is complementory to the
codon on the Mrna, to which it binds.
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The first mRNA codon is typicaly.
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Attached to the end of the Trna is the corresponding amino
acid that corresponds to the codon.
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The large sub unit finds to the peptidly or P site, an
aminocacyl or A site.
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The first tRna occupies the P site. The second RNA enters
A site and is complementary to the condon.
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The P site amino acid is transferred to the A site amino
acid
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The first Rna exist, and the ribosome moves along the
mRNA and the next Trna enters.
termination
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As the elongation continues the growing peptide is continuously
transferred to the A site trna.
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When the a stop condon is encounter is encountered in the A
site, a release factor enters the A site.
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Translation is terminated
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The ribosome is dissociated and the newly from protein is
released