Translation

by- Naman Rajpura

 What is Translation ?
• Translation refers to the process of polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide.

• In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the
cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA
to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.

• translation starts with its three steps-

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
 Let’s discuss the steps in detail:
• Initiation - For initiation, the ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon (AUG)
that is recognised only by the initiator tRNA.
•Elongation-
1. The ribosome proceeds to the elongation phase of protein synthesis.
2. During elongation stage, complexes composed of an amino acid linked to tRNA, sequentially
bind to the appropriate codon in mRNA by forming complementary base pairs with the tRNA
anticodon.
3. The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA.
4.Amino acids are added one by one, translated into Polypeptide sequences dictated by DNA and
represented by mRNA.
•Termination - At the end, a release factor binds to the stop codon, terminating
translation and releasing the complete polypeptide from the ribosome.
Translation diagram
Thank You