CE 121

Computer Aided Drafting

Lecture 04
Perspective Views of Simple Objects
Single point and two point methods as well as
direct method

Semester II, 2019|2020

01 June, 2020 ~ 22 August, 2020
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26 June, 2020
 What is Perspective View?
• Perspective, in context of vision and visual
perception, is the way in which objects appear
to the eye based on their spatial attributes; or
their dimensions and the position of the eye
relative to the objects

• There are two main meanings of the term:

linear perspective and aerial perspective.
• Perspective drawing is a system of representing
the way that objects appear to get smaller and
closer together, the further away they are.

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 What is Perspective View?
• Perspective drawing is a good style to use
when drawing in 3D
• There are different styles including single
point and two point perspectives
• The basic example below shows how to
construct a simple single point perspective
drawing of a cube. Using the same skills
more complex drawings/designs can be
drawn, after a little practice.
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1. Draw one side of the cube and select
a vanishing point (marked with an 'X').

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2. Draw very faint lines from each corner
to the vanishing point.

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3. Draw horizontal and vertical lines for the
'back of the cube.

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4. Go over the faint perspective of the cube
so that the lines that make up the cube are
dark and sharp.

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Try completing the drawings ofL-shapes and T-
shapes in single point perspective:

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Try completing the drawings of H-shapes
and J-shapes in single point perspective:

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One Point
Perspective

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what are we learning?
 A brief history of one point perspective
 Vocabulary
 Horizon line
 Vanishing point
 Vertical, horizontal, and orthogonal lines
 How to start creating a drawing with one
point perspective
 Final project – Futuristic Cityscape

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The first signs of One Point
Perspective
 Florentine sculptor and architect,
Fillipo Brunelleschi, was
the first architect to
use mathematical
perspective in creating
designs for buildings during
the early Renaissance.

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History (cont.)
 Before one point perspective, artists
had to guess where the lines of
buildings would go in their
drawings. These drawings
tended to look skewed
and awkward.

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Examples

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Vocabulary
 Horizon line: where the sky meets the
ground, a horizontal line
 Vanishing point: the place where all lines
meet or “vanish,” it is located on the
horizon line

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Vocabulary (cont.)
 Horizontal line: a line that goes left to
right, it is parallel to the horizon line
 Vertical line: a line that goes up and down,
it is perpendicular to the horizon line
 Orthogonal line: lines that create the
sides of an object in one point perspective,
these lines are drawn to the vanishing point

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LET’S GET STARTED!
Draw a horizon line across your paper
Put the vanishing point on the horizon line

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Draw a square or rectangle on the left side of your
paper below the horizon line

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Create the orthogonal lines by connecting
three corners of your square or rectangle to
the vanishing point

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Draw a horizontal line to create the top of
your form

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Draw a vertical line to create the side of
your form

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Erase your remaining orthogonal lines

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Now for windows and doors!
 The windows and doors on the front of the
building are made with horizontal and
vertical lines
 The windows and doors on the side of the
building will be made with vertical and
orthogonal lines

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Draw a window and door on the front of your
building by using only vertical and horizontal
lines.

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Draw a door on the side of your building by
first drawing a vertical line and connecting
the top of it to the vanishing point.

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End the door with another vertical line and
erase the remaining orthogonal line.

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Add a window the same way. Start with a
vertical line and now connect the top AND
bottom to the vanishing point.

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End it with a vertical line and erase the
remaining orthogonal lines.

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Start drawing more buildings down the side of
your street!

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Begin the right side of your street!

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EXPERIMENT!
HAVE FUN BEING CREATIVE!

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Final project
 We will be creating futuristic one point
perspective cityscape.
 You may add any futuristic elements you
like
 We will be
using colored
pencils to finish
our drawings.

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TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE

By Paula Sadler 33
 What are we learning?
 Vocabulary
 Horizon line
 Vanishing point
 Vertical, horizontal, and orthogonal lines
 Surrealism
 How to start creating a drawing with two
point perspective
 Final project – Surreal Cityscape

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 Vocabulary
 Horizon line: where the sky meets the
ground, a horizontal line
 Vanishing point: the place where all lines
meet or “vanish,” it is located on the
horizon line
 Horizontal line: a line that goes left to
right, it is parallel to the horizon line

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 More Vocabulary
 Vertical line: a line that goes up and down,
it is perpendicular to the horizon line
 Orthogonal line: lines that create the
sides of an object in one point perspective,
these lines are drawn to the vanishing point
 Surrealism: something that is real, but
wouldn’t occur in reality

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 Let’s get started
 Draw a horizon line
across your paper
 Put two vanishing

points on the horizon

line, one on both sides
of your paper

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Now draw a vertical line through the middle
of your paper

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Connect the top and bottom of the vertical line to
both of the vanishing points. We are creating the
orthogonal lines.

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Now end the form with two vertical lines on
each side.

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Erase the extra orthogonal lines at the top and the
horizon line inside of the form.
DO YOU SEE YOUR FIRST BUILDING?

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 Let’s try another one!
Start with a vertical line on the left side of the
building.

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Connect the top and bottom to
each vanishing point.

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End the building with a vertical line.

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Erase the extra orthogonal lines and horizon
line inside of the building.

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Let’s do another one!

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 Now for doors and windows!
Start with a vertical line and connect it to the vanishing
point.

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If your window or door is on the left side of your
building, connect the vertical lines to the left
vanishing point. The same goes for the right side.

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End the windows and doors with another
vertical line.

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Erase the extra orthogonal lines.

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How about a sidewalk with a curb?

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 Surrealism
 Something that is real, but wouldn’t occur in
reality
EXAMPLES:
 a rabbit hole in the sidewalk
 a building made of cheese
 a penguin living in a palm tree

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 Famous Surreal Artists
 Salvador Dali “The Persistence of Memory”

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 Famous Surreal Artists

Rafal Olbinski
“Predictability
of Distinctive
Manners”

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 Requirements
 One small, one medium, and one large building
 At least one window and one door for each
building
 At least three surreal objects
 One in the foreground (THE FRONT)
 One in the middle ground (THE MIDDLE)
 One in the background (THE BACK)

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