Shock and blood

transfusion:
Maryam Aziz
 IMPORTANCE:

 MOST COMMON AND IMPORTANT CAUSE OF DEATH IN SURGICAL PATIENTS.

 SHOCK:
 Systemic state of low tissue perfusion which is inadequate for normal cellular
respiration.
 CONSEQUENCE:
 With insufficient delivery of oxygen and glucose cells switch from aerobic to anaerobic
metabolism.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
 CELLULAR:


 MICROVASCULAR:

CYTOKINE
RELEASE(vasodilation, PROCOAGULANTS
damage endothelial
vessels) (capillary
TISSUE ISCHEMIA leakage) TISSUE
PRGOGRESSES EDEMA ,MORE
CELLULAR HYPOXIA

MICROVASCULAR
THROMBOSIS (DIC)

ACTIVATION OF
O2 FREE RADICALS
IMMUNE &
RELEASE
COAGULTION SYSTEM

ACTIVATE
HYPOXIA & ACIDOSIS COMPLEMENT & PRIME
NEUTROPHILS
SYSTEMIC:

CARDIOVASCULAR:

As preload & afterload decreases

Baroreceptor response

Increase sympathetic activity

Release of catecholamines in circulation

Results in TACHYCARDIA + SYSTEMIC

VASOCONSTRICTION