Intracellular compartments and proteins

Jannati Aulah
2020422002
A. Sorting Cell Compartments
 Prokaryot VS Eukaryot
Compartments

Prokaryot Cell : one compartment, cytosol

Eukaryot Cell : Mithocondria, Riosoms, Golgi Aparatus, Lysosoms, Vacoula, ER,
Cloroplast, Nucleus
Picture 1. Different Structure Prokaryot and Eukaryot
http://www.biologipedia.com/perbedaan-sel-prokariotik-dan-eukariotik.html
 A. Sorting Cell Compartments
Prokaryot
• In prokaryotic cells consists of one compartment, namely the
cytosol, which is covered by a plasma membrane.
• Cytosol is the gel in which most of the cellular metabolism
takes place. About 70% of the volume of an animal cell
consists of the cytosol, so it is also known as intracellular fluid.
The cytosol is composed of

Water
Protein
Amino acid
Vitamin
Nucleotides
Fatty acid
Sugar
Ions Etc
 A. Sorting Cell Compartments
Eukaryot
• Many vital biochemical processes take place in
membranes or on their surfaces.
• intracellular membrane systems form
enclosed compartments that are separate
from the cytosol, thus creating functionally
specialized aqueous spaces within the cell
 intracellular
compartments of an animal cell
 A. Sorting Cell Compartments
Eukaryot
The main membrane compartments in eukaryotic cells
Main Function
Organel
Citosol The pathway contains metabolism and protein synthesis
Nucleus Contains the genome and synthesis of DNA and RNA
ER Synthesis of mostly lipids, proteins for distribution to other
organelles and to the plasma membrane
Golgi Apar atus Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for
secretion or delivery to other organelles
Lysosomes Degradasi intraseluler

Endosomes Endocytosol material sorting

Mitochondria Synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorolation
Cloroplasts ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis
Intracellular compartments
in eukaryotic cells into four
distinct families

The evolutionary schemes just

described group the intracellular
compartments in eukaryotic cells
into four distinct families:

(1) the nucleus and the cytosol

(2) all organelles that function in
the secretory and endocytic
pathways—including the ER, Golgi
apparatus, endoso-mes, and
lysosomes, and peroxisomes
(3) the mitochondria
(4) the plastids (in plants only).
 Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are one of the sites of cellular respiration
• As a Chemical Energy Conversion
• Mitochondria is one of the organella that has its own
DNA known as mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA).
• The function of this mitochondria is to oxidize food and
synthesize energy ATP in cells.
• These mitochondria convert potential energy in food
into potential energy stored in ATP.
• ATP energy is used by cells to carry out various
activities.
Mitochondria
 Ribosomes
• Protein Factory