THE LEARNER

MAY G. PEÑARANDA
The Nature of the Learner
The learner is an embodied spirit. He is a union
of a sentient body and rational soul. His body
experiences sensations and feels pleasure and
pain. His soul is the principle of spiritual acts,
the source of intellectual abstraction, self-
reflection, and free rational volition. Body and
soul exist in mutual dependence.
The Fundamental Equipment of the Learner

The learner is equipped with:

• Cognitive faculties
• Appetitive faculties
Cognitive faculties

• Five senses
Cognitive Faculties
• Instinct
• Imagination
• memory
• Intellect
Appetitive faculties
• Feelings
• Emotions
• Rational Will
• All learners are equipped with cognitive and
appetitive faculties but they differ however in the
degree with these five distinguishing elements:
• Ability
• Aptitude
• Interest
• Family and cultural background
• Attitudes
• Ability - the students’ native ability dictates the
prospects of success in any purposeful activity. It
determines their capacity to understand and
assimilate information for their own use and
application
• Aptitude - refers to the students’ innate talent or gift. It
indicates a natural capacity to learn certain skills
• Interests- Learners vary in activities that are
undertaken due to a strong appeal or attraction
• Family and cultural background – differences in
upbringing practices

•  Attitudes – Students’ unique way of thinking and

reacting. Refers to an individual’s perspective and
disposition ( Some positive attitudes are: Curiosity,
Responsibility, Creativity, and Persistence)
HOWARD GARDNER’S THEORY

INTELLIGENCE AS DISPOSITIONS

DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:

Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence speak effectively or write effectively
 DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:
Logical –Mathematical Intelligence work effectively with numbers and reason
effectively
 DISPOSITION ABILITY TO:

Spatial Intelligence create visually and visualize accurately

 DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:
Bodily –kinesthetic Intelligence - use the hands to fix or create and use
the body expressively
 DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:

Musical Intelligence - creates and analyzes music

 DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:

Interpersonal Intelligence - works with people and help people

identify and overcome problems
 DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:
Intrapersonal Intelligence - meditate, reflect and exhibit self-
discipline, maintain composure and
get the most out of oneself
 DISPOSITIONS ABILITY TO:

Naturalist Intelligence analyze ecological and natural

situations and data, learn from
living things and work in natural
settings
STYLES AS DISPOSITIONS
DISPOSITION/ STYLE ABILITY TO:
Sensing- Thinking or Mastery Learner - organize, report, build , plan and carry
out projects
 

Intuitive Thinking or Understanding - argue, research , develop theories,

Learner explain
STYLES AS DISPOSITIONS
DISPOSITION/ STYLE
Intuitive feeling or Self- Expressive
Learner
Sensing- Feeling or Interpersonal
Learner
ABILITY TO:
- develop original solutions, think
metaphorically, articulate ideas express
and create
- build trust and rapport, empathize,
respond, teach
TYPES OF LEARNER

• VISUAL LEARNER

• AUDITORY LEARNER

• KINESTHETIC LEARNER
Food for thought…
Thank you