MAPEH 9

Prepared by:
Isaiah Ranel G. Hadap
 Instrumental
Music of
Romantic Period
Romantic Period is described as a cultural movement that
stressed emotion, imagination, individualism and freedom of
expression. These characteristics are evident in music, art and
literature of the era.
Nationalism was also incorporated in the music of the Romantic
period.

Ludwig Van Beethoven bridged the music from Classical to

Romantic era by expressing his passion and emotions through his
music.
Piano music of the Romantic period is in free form such as
fantasy, rhapsody, ballade and nocturne. Program music was
expressed in tone poems such as Symphony Fantastique.
Most of the musical compositions of the era portray literature,
history, emotions, and nature.
VIOLIN AND STRINGS MUSIC

NICCOLO PAGANINI
He was born in October 27, 1782 in
Genoa, Italy in a family of six
children. His musical skills started
with playing the mandolin at the age
of five.
Paganini became the most famous violin virtuoso in the
world. However, together with his fame came the rumors
about his amazing violin skills that was said to be a gift
from the devil and that he sold his soul in exchange for
those skills. He was also rumored to have a problem with
women and gambling.
Some Works of Niccolo Paganini:
• “La Campanella”
• 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1
• Concerto No. 1 in Eb , Op. 6
• 15 Quartets for Guitar and Strings
Trio
• The Carnival of Venice
PIANO MUSIC

FREDERIC CHOPIN
Frederic Chopin was known as the
“Poet of the Piano”. He was born on
March 1,1810 in Zelazowa, Poland.
Frederic Chopin began to play piano at age 4. He composed polonaise
at the age of 7. He studied piano at Warsaw Conservatory under
Wilhelm Würfel and most of his music was
influenced by folk music.
Chopin composed almost primarily for the piano and some of his
most well known compositions are Fantasie in F minor, Op. 49,
Revolutionary Etude, Op. 10, No. 12 and 24 Preludes, Op. 28.
Some of hismusic is characterized byits beautiful tone, rhythmic
flexibility, grace and elegance. Some of his compositions like
mazurkas and polonaise express his love for Poland.
 Chopin is famous for the following:
• BALLADE- a verse form or narrative that is set to music
• ETUDE –a piece composed for the development of a specific technique.
• MAZURKA - a Polish dance in triple time signature
• NOCTURNE - an instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy mood, for the piano
• POLONAISE – aslow Polish dance in triple time that consists of a march or procession
• PRELUDE - a short piece of music that can be used as a preface, and introduction to
another work or may stand on its own
• WALTZ – a German dance in triple meter
• IMPROMPTU–a short free-form musical composition usually for a solo instrument, like the
piano
• SCHERZO - a musical movement of playful character, typically in ABA form
• SONATA - composition for one or more solo instruments usually consisting of three or four
independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo
 FRANZ LISZT

The best word that describes the works

of Franz Liszt is “virtuosity”. He was
known as the virtuoso pianist, a
composer and the busiest musician
during the romantic era.
Liszt was born in the village Doborjan, Hungary. He was known
for his symphonic poemswhere he translatedgreat literary works
into musical compositions.
He was also known with his generosity in sharing time and money
to the orphans, victim of disasters and the many students he taught
music for free.
 Some of Liszt’s Piano works:
• La Campanella
• Liebestraume No. 3
• Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies" were originally written for solo piano, but
many were arranged for orchestra or other combinations of
instruments.The Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 is the most popular and
as the basis for the Tom & Jerry cartoon called the Cat Concerto
• Un Sospiro
• Sonata in B Minor
• Arrangements of the 9 Beethoven Symphonies
• Transcriptions of Lieder by Schubert
 ROBERT SCHUMANN

One of the famous Romantic composers

that beautifully combined
music and words is Robert Schumann.
He was a composer and music critic.
Robert Alexander Schumann was
born in 1810 in Zwickau.
In 1830, Schumann went to live with Wieck in Leipzig. He soon
developed a problem with his hands, effectively ending his dreams
as a pianist. It was in 1834 when Schumann founded the music
journal, Jornal Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, wherein he edited and
wrote music criticism for his publication.
 Piano Works
• "Abegg Variations," Opus 1(1830)
• "Davidsbundlertanze" ("Dances of the Band of David"), Opus 6
(1837)
• "Carnaval," Opus 9 (1835) - a portrait of a masked ball attended
by his allies and his beloved Clara
• "Phantasiestucke," Opus 12 (1837) - a series of mood pieces
• Kreisleriana," Opus 16 (1838) - a fantasy on the mad
Kapellmeister
• "Kinderszenen," Opus 15 (1838) - a poetic series of evocations of
a child’s world
PROGRAM MUSIC
Program music is an instrumental composition that conveys images
or scenes to tell a short story without text or lyrics.It entices the
imagination of the listener.
COMPOSERS OF PROGRAM MUSIC:
HECTOR BERLIOZ
Hector Berlioz is a French romantic
composer born on December 11, 1803.
One of his famous musical
compositions is a five movement
symphony called “Symphonie
Fantastique”. In this composition which
is also known as “Fantastic
Symphony”, Berlioz showcased the
important features in his composition in
creating tone color.
PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY
(Pyotr Ilyich Chaykowsky)

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky who was born on

May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk, Russia,was known
for his ballet music. He rebelled
and began to study music at the conservatory
also in St. Petersburg.
As a big fan of Mozart, Tchaikovsky studies composition
with Anton Rubinstein and moved to Moscow and started
teaching at the new conservatory.
He continued his music career in New York despite
having marital problems and became famous after
composing the musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo
and Juliet”. His fame peaked in the last ten years of his
life and later died due to cholera.
Tchaikovsky’s Famous Compositions:

• Swan Lake
• Sleeping Beauty
• The Nutcracker
• Romeo & Juliet
• 1812 Overture
• Symphony No. 2
• Symphony No. 6 “Pathetique”
• Piano Concerto No. 1
CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS
Camille Saint-Saëns was known as a
talented musician from an early age.
He was born in Paris on October 9,
1835 and started his music through
the help of his aunt by teaching him
piano lesson when he was only two
years old and afterward he began
composing piano piece at age three.
He was considered as a composer who creates elegant music, neat,
clean, polished and never excessive. One of this is example is “The
Swan”.
Some of the facts during the peak of his career in musician and
composer, many beautiful building, churches and instruments were
being built in France which includes the famous Eiffel Tower.
 Best known music of Camille Saint-Saëns:
 Carnival of the Animals
 Danse Macabre and his SymphonyNo. 3
 The Swan
 Over 300 works, unusually in all genres, including
 o 3 operas (Samson and Delilah the only one remembered)
 o 5 Symphonies (best known No3 the Organ Symphony )
 o 3 concertos for violin and orchestra
 o 5 concertos for piano and orchestra
 o 2 concertos for cello and orchestra
 o organ music
 o numerous pieces for the piano
 o approximately 100 songs
 o chamber music
 o sacred music including a Requiem
Arts of Neoclassic
and Romantic
Period
NEOCLASSICISM, 1780-1840
The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning new
and the Latin word classicus which is similar in meaning to the
English phrase first class.
The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called
Neoclassicism. The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th
century Age of Reason also known as the Age of Enlightenment.
 Characteristics:
- portrayal of Roman history
- formal composition
- the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment
(versus a regular moment)
- local color
- overall lighting
- classic geo-structure
Neoclassicism: Classicism:
This is the renewed interest in This is the period in which
classical ideals and forms that Greek
influenced European and and Roman principles and
American styles
society through idea, politics were reflected in society.
and fine
arts during the 18th and 19th
century.
It also refers to the art forms
created
after but inspired by the
ancient
times. This period was derived
from
the Classicism movement.
Be careful not to interchange the two terms. Classicism refers to the
art forms produced in antiquity or inspired by it afterward, while
Neoclassicism always refers to the art forms inspired by ancient
times, but created later.
 NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING

Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in

which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history
were restored to realistic portrayals. Neoclassical painters gave great
importance to the costumes, settings and details of classical subject-
matter without adding distracting details but with as much historical
accuracy as possible.
 NEO-CLASSICAL ARTISTS

There are a number of neo-classical artists from Europe

and the United States. Below are some of them:
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
(1748-1825) France

Jacques-Louis David was an

influential French painter in the
Neoclassical style, and considered to
be the pre-eminent painter of the era.
His subjects of paintings were more
on history.
Famous Artworks:
THE DEATH OF MARAT (J.
David)
IMAGE FROM Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

David’s masterpiece shows the portrayal

of a revolutionary martyr. This is a
painting of the murdered French
revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat.
NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS (J. David)

The painting that showed a strongly

idealized view of the real crossing that
Napoleon and his army made across the
Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in
May 1800.
OATH OF THE HORATII (J.
David)

It was a large painting

that depicts a scene from a
Roman legend about the
dispute between Rome and
Alba Longa.
 JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
(1780-1867) France

Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David.

He was influenced by Italian Renaissance
painters like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin,
Botticelli, and his mentor, Jacques-Louis
David.
Famous Artworks:
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLÉON ON THE IMPERIAL
THRONE (J. Ingres)

The painting depicts Napoleon in his decadent

coronation costume, seated upon his golden-
encrusted throne, hand resting upon smooth ivory
balls. During his reign, the painting was owned by
the Corps Legislatif which was a part of the
French Legislature.
 NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES

The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public

sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of
Alexander the Great for inspiration as well as to mimic their
style.
PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS LION OF LUCERNE
(A. Canova) (B. Thorvaldsen)

A marble sculpture portraying the A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne,

relationship of Psyche and Cupid. Switzerland that commemorates the
Swiss Guards who were massacred in
1792 during the French Revolution.
 NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18 th century. It

turned away from the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late
Baroque. In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture was a style
principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and
Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea
Palladio.
 TEMPLE STYLE

Temple style building design was based on an ancient temple.

These buildings were uncommon during the Renaissance as
architects of that period focused mainly on applying classical
elements to churches and modern buildings like palazzos and
villas.
PANTHEON, Paris, by Jacques-Germain Soufflot BRITISH MUSEUM, London, Robert Smirke

LA MADELEINE DE PARIS, by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon

 PALLADIAN STYLE

Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladio’s style of villa

construction. Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is
a railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. There
are vertical supports within a balustrade known as “balusters” or
spindles”.
ROBERT ADAM (1728-1792) Britain

He was known as the Palladian architect

of the Neoclassical who
designed two well-known American
civic buildings- The White House and
the United States Capitol. He had also
designed many country houses.
WHITE HOUSE UNITED STATES CAPITOL
 CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE

The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat

roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.
Classical block aesthetic was also known as “Beaux-Arts style”,
since it was developed principally by the French École des
Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts).
 LIBRARY OF SAINTE-
PALAIS GARNIER “PARIS
GENEVIÈVE (H. Labrouste)
OPERA HOUSE” (C. Garnier)

NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY BY: CARRERE & BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY BY:
HASTINGS ARCHITECTURAL FIRM, 1895 CHARLES FOLLEN MCKIM, 1895
 ROMANTICISM, 1800s-1810s
Romanticism was a movement in which the artists of
Neoclassical period sought to break new ground in the
expression of emotion, both subtle and stormy.
Landscape painting also became more popular due to the
peoples’ romantic adoration of nature.
Romanticism was a reaction to the classical, contemplative
nature of Neoclassical pieces.
 THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA (T. Géricault)

CHARGING CHASSEUR (T. Géricault) INSANE WOMAN (T. Géricault)

LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE (E. Delacroix)
THE BURIAL OF
SARDINE (F. Goya)

SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON (F. Goya)

THE THIRD OF MAY (F. Goya)

 ROMANTIC PAINTING (Landscape Painting)

Landscape painting depicts the physical world that surrounds us

and includes features such as mountains, valleys, vegetation, and
bodies of water. The sky is another important element shaping
the mood of landscape paintings. Landscape art ranges from
highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic, romantic and
idealized.
 LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES
(J. Corot)
THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL,
NEAR BEAUVAIS (J. Corot)

LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN

DER KLEINE FISCHER (T. Rousseau)
(T. Rousseau)
 GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE
(NEOGOTHIC)

Gothic Revival, also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo-

Gothic, is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s
in England.

Many of Neogothic buildings feature castellation in which the

walls and towers are crenellated in imitation of medieval castles.
 NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in
the Philippines

Here in the Philippines, the ideology of Neoclassicism and

Romanticism can be seen through various major artworks such as
paintings, sculptures and architectural structures. Some of the
well-known contributing artists express their skills and ideas in
their own respective field of specialization.
 Nature and
Background of
International
Standard and
 LATIN DANCE
Latin dance is a general label, and a term in 
partner dance competition jargon. It refers to types of 
ballroom dance and folk dance that (with few exceptions
such as the United States) originated in Latin America.
The category of Latin dances in the international 
dancesport competitions consists of the cha-cha-cha, 
rumba, samba, paso doble, and also the jive of United
States origin.
Social Latin dances

Social Latin dances (Street Latin) include salsa, mambo, 

merengue, rumba, bachata, bomba and plena. There are
many dances which were popular in the first part of the
20th century, but which are now of only historical interest.
The Cuban danzón is a good example.
Latin dance's influence was first derived from their native
roots, the Aztecs and Incas. When sixteenth-century
seagoing explorers returned home to Portugal and Spain,
they brought along tales of the native peoples. When
European settlers and conquistadors began to colonize
South America in the early sixteenth century, they
reinvented the local dance traditions, but still kept the styles
of the natives.
After the Europeans brought home the Aztec/Inca
influences in the sixteenth century, they incorporated their
own styles to the dance. Since the Aztec/Inca dances were
performed in a group, many of the European dances were
performed by a male and female. This was a new practice
because European dances prohibited male and female
dance partners from touching each other. The movement
evolved differently because it brought a certain element of
daintiness to the Aztec dances since the steps were
smaller and the movements were less forceful.
 International standards

International standards are technical standards developed

by international organizations (
intergovernmental organizations), such as 
Codex Alimentarius in food, the World Health Organization
 Guidelines in health, or ITU Recommendations in ICT[1]
 and being publicly funded, are freely available for
consideration and use worldwide.
International standards may be used either by direct application or
by a process of modifying an international standard to suit local
conditions. The adoption of international standards results in the
creation of equivalent, national standards that are substantially the
same as international standards in technical content, but may have
editorial differences as to appearance, use of symbols and
measurement units, substitution of a point for a comma as the
decimal marker, and differences resulting from conflicts in
governmental regulations or industry-specific requirements caused
by fundamental climatic, geographical, technological, or
infrastructural factors, or the stringency of safety requirements that
a given standard authority considers appropriate.
International standards are one way of overcoming
technical barriers in international commerce caused by
differences among technical regulations and standards
developed independently and separately by each nation,
national standards organization, or company. Technical
barriers arise when different groups come together, each
with a large user base, doing some well established thing
that between them is mutually incompatible. Establishing
international standards is one way of preventing or
overcoming this problem.
 Standardization

The implementation of standards in industry and commerce

became highly important with the onset of the 
Industrial Revolution and the need for high-precision 
machine tools and interchangeable parts. Henry Maudslay
 developed the first industrially practical screw-cutting lathe
 in 1800, which allowed for the standardisation of 
screw thread sizes for the first time.
 Types of Latin Dances
• cha-cha-cha
• Rumba
• Samba
• paso doble
• salsa
• Mambo
• Merengue
• Bachata
• Bomba
• plena
 cha-cha-cha

The cha-cha-cha, is a dance of

Cuban origin. It is danced to
the music of the same name
introduced by Cuban composer
and violinist Enrique Jorrin in
the early 1950s.
 Rumba

The term rumba may refer to a

variety of unrelated music
styles. Originally, "rumba" was
used as a synonym for "party"
in northern Cuba, and by the
late 19th century it was used to
denote the complex of secular
music styles known as Cuban
rumba.
 Samba
Samba, also known as samba
urbano carioca or simply
samba carioca is a Brazilian
music genre that originated in
the Afro-Brazilian
communities of Rio de
Janeiro in the early 20th
century.
 paso doble
 refers to a style of
ballroom dancing included in
DanceSport categories of
competition that began in the
16th century in the country of
France. This dance became
popular in Spain because it
became based on the sound,
drama, and movement of the
Spanish bullfight.
 salsa

Salsa is a Latin dance

associated with the music
genre of the same name
which originated in the 1960s
in New York City.
 Mambo
Mambo is a Latin dance of
Cuba which was developed in
the 1940s when the music
genre of the same name
became popular throughout
Latin America.
 Merengue
Merengue is a style of
Dominican music and dance.
Partners hold each other in a
closed position. The leader
holds the follower's waist with
the leader's right hand, while
holding the follower's right
hand with the leader's left
hand at the follower's eye
level.
 Bachata

Bachata is a style of social

dance from the Dominican
Republic which is now
danced all over the world. It is
connected with bachata
music.
 Bomba
Bomba is both a traditional
dance and musical style of
Puerto Rico. Its origins are
rooted in the island's history
of African slavery but today
has evolved into a community
expression of Puerto Rican
culture.
 plena

La Plena is an Afro-Puerto
Rican music, “a hybrid
musical form that integrates
both European and African
elements in its' form and
lyrics”, but was first dismissed
as la musíca de Negroes.
First Aid Basics,
Guidelines, and
Procedures
10 Basic First Aid
Training Tips &
Procedures for Any
Emergency
1.Remember the “Three P’s.”
2.Check the scene for danger before you provide help.
3.To treat cuts and scrapes, apply gentle pressure, disinfectant, and bandages.
4.To treat sprains, apply ice and compression at intervals and keep the limb ele
vated.
5.To treat heat exhaustion, use cool fluids, cool cloths, and shade.
6.To treat hypothermia; use warm fluids and warm covering.
7.To treat burns, determine the burn type and severity. Cover the wound with lo
ose cloth to prevent infection.
8.Use an EpiPen to treat allergic reactions.
9.To treat fractures, keep the fractured area stable and immobilized, and apply a
cold pack.
10.Perform CPR if an injured person stops breathing.
The “Three P’s”
The “Three P’s” are the primary
goals of first aid. They are:

•Preserve life

•Prevent further injury

•Promote recovery
These goals might seem overly simple, but they’re
simple on purpose. When someone is injured, it’s
all-too-easy to panic and forget what you need to do
to provide assistance. The Three P’s remind you of
the very basics: do what you can to save the
person’s life; do what you can to keep them from
sustaining further injuries; do what you can to help
them heal.
Check the Scene for Danger

Before you provide help to an injured person, it’s important that you
check the scene for danger. You don’t want to get yourself injured,
too. This isn’t a cowardly precaution. For example, there might be a
terrible storm outdoors, and you spot someone outside who’s injured
and who can’t make it to shelter. Once you’ve assessed these
dangers, you can better strategize how to reach and rescue the
injured person.
Treating Cuts and Scrapes

Blood is a vital component of our bodies. When someone is

bleeding, you want to prevent as much blood from leaving their
body as possible. Try and find a clean cloth or bandage.
•Apply gentle pressure for 20 to 30 minutes.
•Clean the wound by gently running clean water over it. Avoid using soap on
an open wound.
•Apply antibiotic to the wound, like Neosporin.
•Cover the wound with a bandage.
If someone has a nosebleed, have the person lean forward. Press a cloth against
the nostrils until the blood flow stops.
The body is usually very quick at patching up small cuts and scrapes. But
deeper wounds may require medical attention. With deep wounds:
•Apply pressure.
•Don’t apply ointments. Cover the area with loose cloth to prevent
contaminants from infecting the wound.
•Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Treating Sprains

Sprains are usually an unalarming injury, and most of the time

they’ll heal on their own. But there are steps you can take to ease the
swelling. Swelling is caused by blood flow to an injured area. You
can reduce swelling by applying ice. Ice restricts the blood vessels,
which reduces blood flow.
•Keep the injured limb elevated.
•Apply ice to the injured area. Don’t apply ice directly to the skin.
Wrap it in a cloth or put ice in a plastic bag.
•Keep the injured area compressed. Put it in a brace or tightly wrap
it. Don’t wrap it so tight that it’ll cut off circulation.
•Ice for a while. Then compress. Repeat at intervals.
Treating Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion occurs due to prolonged exposure to high

temperatures, especially when the person is doing strenuous
activities or hasn’t had enough water. Symptoms of heat exhaustion
include:
•Cool, moist skin
•Heavy sweating
•Dizziness
•Weak pulse
•Muscle cramps
•Nausea
•Headaches
To treat someone with heat exhaustion:
•Get the person to a shaded area that’s out
of the sun.
•If there are no shaded areas available,
keep the person covered by any available
materials that can block sunlight.
•Give the person water and keep them
hydrated.
•Place a cool cloth on their forehead to
lower their body temperature.
Treating Hypothermia

Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures.

It begins to occurs when your body temperature drops below 95
degrees Fahrenheit.
Symptoms of hypothermia include:
•Shivering
•Slurred speech or mumbling
•Week pulse
•Weak coordination
•Confusion
•Red, cold skin
•Loss of consciousness
 To treat hypothermia:
•Be gentle with the afflicted person. Don’t
rub their body and don’t move their body in
too jarring of a way; this could trigger
cardiac arrest.
•Move the person out of the cold, and
remove any wet clothing.
•Cover the person with blankets and use
heat packs. Don’t apply heat directly to the
skin because this could cause major skin
damage.
•Give the person warm fluids.
Treating Burns

Before you apply treatment to burns, you need to identify the burn
type and the severity of the burn.
There are four kinds of burns:
•First-degree burn: Only the outer layers of skin are burnt. The skin is red and
swollen, and looks similar to a sunburn.
•Second-degree burn: Some of the inner layer of skin is burnt. Look for
blistering skin and swelling. This is usually a very painful type of burn.
•Third-degree burn: All of the inner layer of skin is burnt. The wound has a
whitish or blackened color. Some third-degree burns are so deep, there might
not be any pain because the nerve endings are destroyed.
•Fourth-degree burn: A burn that has penetrated all tissues up to the tendons
and bones.
Additionally, there are two kinds of burn severities: a minor burn and a major
burn.
•Minor burn: First-degree burns and mild second-degree burns.
•Major burn: Moderate second-degree burns to fourth-degree burns.
Minor burns don’t usually need extensive treatment, but
you could:

•Run cool water over the afflicted area (avoid icy or very
cold water).
•Don’t break any blisters.
•Apply moisturizer over the area, like aloe vera.
•Keep the burned person out of sunlight.
•Have the burned person take ibuprofen or acetaminophen
for pain relief.
Major burns are very serious injuries that require medical
assistance. To help someone who has suffered from a
major burn:

•Do not apply ointments.

•Cover wound with loose materials to prevent contaminants
from infecting it.
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions occur when your body is hypersensitive to a
foreign substance. Bee stings, certain foods, or drug ingredients can
cause allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic
reaction that can be caused by all of those mention allergens. The
best way to treat an allergic reaction is to use an EpiPen. EpiPen, or
“epinephrine autoinjector,” is a small and ergonomic needle that’s
used to inject epinephrine (adrenaline) into someone suffering
greatly from an allergic reaction.
 If someone is suffering from
an allergic reaction:

•Keep the person calm. Ask if they use an EpiPen and have one with them.
•Have the person lie on their back. Keep their feet elevated 12 inches.
•Make sure the person’s clothing is loose so they’re able to breathe.
•Avoid giving them food, drink, or medicine.
•If appropriate, use an EpiPen. Learn how to inject an EpiPen in someone
having a reaction.
•Wait 5-15 minutes after using an EpiPen. If the allergic reaction isn’t subdued,
a second dose may be required.
Treating Fractures

Sometimes it’s very easy to tell if someone has suffered a fractured

bone. But sometimes it’s not.
 If you suspect someone of
having a fracture:

•Don’t try to straighten a fractured limb.

•Use a splint or padding to stabilize the area and keep it from moving.
•Apply a cold pack to the area. Don’t apply it directly to the skin. Wrap it in a
cloth or put it in a plastic bag.
•Keep the area elevated, if possible.
•Give the person an anti-inflammatory drug, like ibuprofen.
Performing CPR

CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR is used to restore

breathing and blood circulation to an unresponsive person. CPR is an
incredibly important procedure that can save lives. But learning CPR is an
intensive procedure that requires some training, which is usually in the form of
a day-long class. The American Red Cross offers CPR certification classes
across the nation. Go to Redcross.org for more information.
 Prepare Yourself with the
Right Gear
The methods listed above are not very difficult to do and they don’t require
medical training—but they can save someone’s life or prevent an injured
person from sustaining serious injuries or infections. Make sure that your stash
of survival gear includes a first aid kit, and be sure to refill your first aid kit
every year as its supplies dwindle or expire.
The essential first aid kit
should include:
•Anti-bacterial wipes
•Painkillers
•Gauze pads
•Sunscreen
•Medical gloves
•Medical instrument kit
•Sling
•Burn gel
•Antibiotic ointment
•Antiseptic wipes
•First aid instructions
•Tourniquet
Thank
You