BIOPROCESS REACTOR DESIGN

31S3206
PENDAHULUAN

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Intended Objectives

Able to perform analysis as

preliminary calculations of
Understand and be able to
bioreactors or bioreactor
compare varieties of
systems, which will be
bioprocess reactors
required for Bioprocess Plant
Design

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Grading

15% 20%

15% Homework
Mid Exam
Final Exam
25% Quizzes
25%
Mini Project

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Rules
 Punctual (10 min. tolerance)
 Be dressed in compliance with ITDel

standards
 Refrain from making unnecessary noises

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BASIC CONCEPTS

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Reactor
 A place where a/some reaction undergo(es)
 Anything in the universe can function as reactors:

◦ Sun
◦ Beaker glass
◦ Stainless-steel tanks
◦ Glass tubes
◦ Solar cell
◦ Organism cell
◦ etc.

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Reactor
 Reactors can be operated in several modes:
◦ Batch  feed is introduced one time and subjected to reaction, product
is collected after reaction finishes
◦ Continuous  feed and product stream are introduced and collected
continuously
◦ Semi-batch/semi-continuous  certain amount of feed is introduced
at the beginning of reaction, afterwards, remaining feed is introduced
continuously until the end of reaction; product is collected afterwards
 In all three systems, mass and energy balance systems
become different

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 In reactor design problems, any engineer has to be able to
use two primary tools:
◦ Conservation Equations
◦ Constitutive Equations

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 Conservation Constitutive
Equation Equation
• Mass • Various
• Energy Examples: ideal
• Momentum gas eq., Fourier
conduction,
reaction rate
kinetics

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#menolakforget
Mass Balance

𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 −𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 +𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

 

 In continuous, steady-state systems, no accumulation exists, therefore:

𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 +𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
 

 In other systems (batch and fed-batch), conditions in the reactor is

never constant because accumulation always exists

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 Energy Balance

𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 −𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 +𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 +𝑄 +𝑊 𝑆

 

 In most design cases, WS can be ignored

 If Q=0 (adiabatic reactors), input and output temperature can
never be equal if reaction produces/consumes heat
 If isothermal reactor is the goal

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Reactor vs. Bioreactor
 In bioreactor, reactions involved are biochemical (biological)
reactions
◦ Fundamental levels: enzymatic conversion, phosporilation, etc.
◦ More complex level: metabolic pathway
◦ Integrated system: cellular activity
 Bioreactors have much more complex reactions than most
chemical reactors
◦ In bioreactors, it is more convenient to use generalised/simplified
approach rather than step-wise kinetic approach
 Details more on this course

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Why Bioreactors?
 Future trends show inclination to cleaner processes to replace
conventional chemical reactions:
◦ Electrical reactions (electrochemistry)
◦ Solar-powered reactions
◦ Biomass-based systems
◦ Biological systems

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Required Prior Knowledges
 Mass and energy balance
 Transport phenomena
 Enzymatic reaction kinetics and catalysis
 Microbial metabolism
 Microbial systems in industries
 Mathematical means

◦ Ordinary differential equation

◦ MATLAB

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REFERENCES

 Liu, Shijie. Bioprocess Engineering:

Kinetics, Biosystems, Sustainability,
and Reactor Design. 2013. Elsevier.
 Michael L. Shuler, Fikret Kargi.

Bioprocess Engineering: Second

Edition. 2002. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Upper Sadlle River, New Jersey.
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