AR-521 Construction Mgmt & Project

Scheduling.

Lecture:2
Project and Site
Management

Instructor: Ar Sarmad Salahuddin.

 The Project management team

The parties to a construction project can be various, but

manly there are:
 Owners.
 Developers.
 Designers.(Architects, Interior Designer and Town
planners.)
 Builders.
 Constructions Mangers/Project Managers.
 Suppliers and Subcontractors.
 Lenders and Investors. (Banks and Financial Institutions).
 Insurers and Sureties.
The Project management team
 The Project management team
THE PROJECT TEAM: The construction of a facility is the culmination of the collective needs,
ideas, talents, and services of a diverse group of individuals. These individuals can be
categorized into four basic teams:
 Owner team, design team, contractor team, and supplier team. To produce a successful
project, it is important for each team to effectively communicate with the other teams
during each stage of a project. Positive interaction among the teams begins with
understanding the basic responsibilities of each team throughout the process and taking
into consideration what each can do to contribute to another’s success.
 Owner Team: The owner team establishes the project requirements, budget, and time
constraints for the project. As the ultimate purchaser of installed products, the owner
may have significant input on equipment and finish selections and may require information
on product operation, maintenance, and warranties. Some owners establish material and
product standards for their projects. Standardizing products helps limit the replacement
materials needed for ongoing maintenance and provides consistency in performance by
minimizing the types of maintenance training necessary. Some owners perform their own
maintenance or hire specialty contractors.
 Design Team: The design team works with the owner to determine the design
requirements, design the project, produce the construction documents, and administer
the construction contract. The design team participants also review submittals and
substitution requests before and after award of the construction contract
 The Project management team
The design team is responsible for addressing planning issues, product research and selection,
code research and compliance, quality control and assurance reviews, and construction
contract administration.
 Contractor Team
The contractor team agrees to construct the facility for the owner with the contractor’s
management and labor forces and services of subcontractors. The contractor contracts with
the owner to successfully complete the project in accordance with the documents prepared by
the design team. Decisions the contractor team may make while the project is being built
normally include the selection of subcontractors and material and equipment suppliers.
 Supplier Team: The supplier team consists of individuals, organizations, and companies
involved in the manufacture, promotion, and sale of construction products and systems.
Effective interaction by the supplier team requires expert knowledge to educate the other
project team members about available products, systems, and installation methods; provide
technical assistance during project design and construction; and ensure proper installation and
use of products and systems.
The supplier team works with the owner and design teams to identify products that are
suitable for particular project conditions and requirements. The supplier team works with the
contractor team by providing information necessary for proper delivery, storage, and
installation of products and systems.
 The Project management team
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:
The project may include one or more of the following participants:
 Owner. The term owner can refer to an individual or an entity. The owner may be from the private
sector or may be a government agency in the public sector. The owner initiates the project and
secures funding for the design, construction, and subsequent operation of the completed facility.
 Developer. A company that acquires a site for the purpose of creating a facility for an owner. The
developer may act as a design-builder and provide a build-to-suit, turnkey, or lease-back facility.
 Advisors. Financial advisors and institutions that arrange for the project financing; attorneys who
coordinate the legal and contractual issues of the project; insurance advisors and companies that
provide risk coverage to the owner, contractor, and architect/engineer; development consultants;
real estate agents; and appraisers to advise the owner about specific sites, costs, market types, and
potential team participants.
 Architect/engineer (A/E). Design professionals (including architects, engineers, specifies, planners,
programmers, and specialty consultants) act as a team to provide planning, design, and construction
administration services for the project. These entities may be contractually responsible to the owner
or a design builder, depending upon the project delivery method selected.
 Design-builder. The entity contractually responsible (to the owner) for delivering the project design
and construction. The design-builder can assume several organizational structures:
 an entity possessing design and construction resources in-house, a joint venture between A/E and
contractor, a contractor-led team with the A/E in a subcontract role, or an A/E-led team with the
contractor in a subcontractor role.
 The Project management team
 Contractor (prime contractor): The contractor agrees to construct the project for the owner with the
contractor’s own labor force, augmented with subcontractor forces, as needed. As contractors choose
to do less of the actual construction, the use of subcontractors may increase. Subcontractors may in
turn divide some of their work among sub-subcontractors.
 The Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ):The authorities, including building code officials, zoning
officials, inspectors, and regulatory agencies, protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare by
administering laws, codes, and other regulations governing the project.
 Construction manager (CMa or CMc). An entity that typically contracts with the owner to provide
construction management services. The construction manager as agent(CMa) is employed by the
owner to act on the owner’s behalf. The Cma as adviser is employed by the owner to act as an
adviser. The construction manager as contractor (CMc) is engaged to provide construction. The
construction manager may provide construction expertise, estimating, and scheduling services. The
construction manager may perform contracting, purchasing, and supervising of construction by
guaranteeing the cost of the project and signing subcontracts, in which case the construction
manager acts as a contractor and not an adviser.
 Subcontractor. An entity that has a direct contract with the contractor to perform a portion of the
work of the project at the site.
 Manufacturer: Produces or fabricates products to be incorporated in the project.
 Product representative. Advises design professionals, owners, contractors, and subcontractors on
products and systems to be incorporated into the project.
The Project management team
 Distributor. Buys, inventories, and resells products to be incorporated in the project.
 Supplier: Furnishes or supplies products or services for the project, but does not perform labor
at the site.
 Utility provider Public or regulated private entity providing sewer, water, fuel, electricity, or
communication services to the project.
 Commissioning agent. Entity engaged by the owner to ensure that the owner’s defined
requirements are achieved and the completed facility functions as intended by the contract
documents.
 Testing and inspection agencies: Provide quality assurance and quality control by verifying that
specific project elements and components comply with the contract and code requirements.
 Construction reporting services. Provide information about projects as a service to prospective
project participants.
 Surety. Provides guaranty of contractual performance of certain project participants.
 Insurers. Indemnify participants against financial losses resulting from construction-related risks.
 Facility manager. Implements maintenance and operations programs to ensure continuing facility
function during occupancy and use, and participates in planning subsequent projects.
 Facility user. Uses the facility for its designed purpose and may provide input to the design
process.
The Project management team
 Facility programmer (criteria professional): A special consultant who assists the owner
in identifying and documenting the project requirements in a facility program.
 Specifier: Assists in design, product evaluation and selection, and prepares clear,
concise, correct, and complete written design and construction documents.
 Construction contract administrator: Interprets, administers, and enforces the terms
of a construction contract during the construction of a project.
 Contractor’s project manager. Contractor-assigned individual who administers,
directs, and supervises the construction activities. Most projects require a core of
participant consisting of the owner, A/E, and the contractor, subcontractors,
manufacturers or suppliers, AHJs, and insurers. Additional participants may be
required as project complexity increases. The combination of participants and their
contractual relationships will vary depending on the project delivery.
Most projects require a core of participants consisting of the owner, A/E, and the
contractor, subcontractors, manufacturers or suppliers, AHJs, and insurers. Additional
participants may be required as project complexity increases. The combination of
participants and their contractual relationships will vary depending on the project
delivery method, the extent of the project, and the duration.
Site Management Program
 Assignment of responsibility.
 Hazard identification and control.
 Training and communication.
 Documentation and enforcement of safety rules.
 Maintenance of safe working conditions.
 Setting performance goals.
 Rewarding safety performance.
 Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents.
 Taking appropriate correctional actions.
 Establishing Safety performance objectives for all levels
of management.
 Including safety as part of management. performance
reviews.
 Measuring effectiveness.
Health and Safety Requirements:
Topics of health, safety, and welfare regulation that should be of
primary concern to the design and construction team include:
 Fire and life safety requirements:
 Occupational safety and health requirements.
 Accessibility requirements.
 Health and sanitary requirements.
Fire and Life Safety:
 Requirements: Building codes should address, the life safety of
occupants and fire protection of property. Important fire and life safety
issues include:
 Structural stability.
 Occupancy loads hazard.
 Fire performance characteristics of building materials, including flame
spread and smoke development.
Health and Safety Requirements:
 Means of egress.
 Areas of refuge for disabled occupants. Access to the site and building by police,
fire, and rescue services
 Fire protection systems, including detection systems, and fire suppression
systems.
 Smoke evacuation systems.
 Alarms and emergency communication systems.
 Emergency power generation.
 Lightning protection/surge protection/electrical system stabilization.
 Prevention of panic by moving occupants toward visible, unobstructed exits
within a reasonable distance.
 Protection of occupants is achieved by the combination of:
 Prevention of ignition & fire detection.
 Health and Safety Requirements:
 Control of fire development Confinement of the effects of fire
Extinguishment of fire. Refuge or evacuation facilities Staff reaction
 Providing fire safety information.
 The Life Safety Code establishes the minimum criteria for the design of
facilities so as to permit the evacuation of occupants from buildings or
into safe areas within buildings (areas of refuge).
Occupational Safety and Health Requirements: Through legislation and
oversight, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
protects worker health and safety in the workplace. OSHA regulations
affect the design of commercial and industrial projects. OSHA regulations
cover six major categories related to the design and workplace safety
practices of facilities for workers:
1. Workplace standards, including:
 Electrical wiring, fixtures, and controls.
 Fire protection, Exits and access.
 Health and Safety Requirements:
 Electrical wiring, fixtures, and controls.
 Fire protection, Exits and access.
 Housekeeping and general work environment.
 Illumination.
 Sanitation and health
 Signs, labels, markings, and tags
 Ventilation
 Walking and work surfaces.
2. Machines and equipment standards, including:
 Appliances and electrical utilization
 Compressed gas and compressed
 air equipment
Health and Safety Requirements:
 Conveyors
 Cranes: crawler, locomotive, and truck
 Cranes: overhead and gantry
 Derricks
 Hand and portable powered tools
 Machinery and machine guarding.
 Miscellaneous equipment used in general industry (lifts,
scaffolds, ladders, and platforms)
 Miscellaneous equipment used in special industries
(bakeries, laundries, pulp and paper mills, logging,
sawmills, textiles)
 Trucks.
 Health and Safety Requirements:
3. Materials standards, including:
 Hazardous materials (air contaminants, anhydrous ammonia,
compressed gases, explosives, inflammable and combustible
 liquids, ionizing radiation, liquefied
 petroleum gases)
 Hazardous locations due to materials
 Materials handling and storage
 Materials-handling machines and equipment.
4. Employee standards, including:
 Ionizing radiation protection
 Medical and first aid
 Personnel protection in tanks and confined spaces
 Personal protective equipment Skills and knowledge.
 Health and Safety Requirements:
5. Power source standards, including:
 Electrical power
 Explosive-actuated power
 Pneumatic power
 Steam power.
 Miscellaneous power sources
 used in special industries.
6. Process standards, including:
 Abrasive blasting.
 Dry grinding, polishing and buffing.
 exhaust systems
 Process, dip, and open surface tanks.
 Processing plants and operations Special industries and related processes
 Spray finishing, Welding, cutting, and brazing.
Benefits of a Site Management Program
Benefits
 Reduced workers’ compensation claims.
 Reduced expenses related to injuries and
illnesses.
 Reduced absenteeism.
 Lower employee complaints.
 Improved employee morale and satisfaction.
 Increased productivity.
 Reduction of hidden cost.
 Reduced insurance cost.
Consequences:
 Workers Compensation Cost.
 Hidden Construction cost.
 Replacement and training cost for new or
substitute employee.
 Poor Quality.
 Penalties for non-compliance.
Establishing Project-Specific Activities
Planning the Site Safety
 Develop goals and objectives
 Define project team.
 Project Manager.
 Site Supervisor.
 Site Safety.
 Other Programs.
 Roles and Responsibilities
 Supervisors/Management
 Establish safe work practices.
 Enforce safety rules and regulations.
 Train employees how to avoid hazards.
 Enforce reporting work-related injuries,
illnesses, and near misses.
Investigate causes of incidents or near
misses.
Take the appropriate action to prevent
recurrence.
 Ensure prompt medical attention.
Roles and Responsibilities
(cont’d)
 Safety Professional
 Develop and implement accident prevention
programs
 Advise management on company policies and
governmental regulations
 Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety
programs
 Train management in safety observation
techniques
Why Having a site safety Plan?
Why Having a site Plan?
 Design to Protect:
1) Personnel.
2) Environment.
3) Public.
4) Operation and Equipment.
 Government Regulations.
1) OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration).
2) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
3) City/Local Municipality, bye laws and local laws.
4) Building Code.
5) Public/Private Requirements
Typical Programs
 Recordkeeping
1) OSHA construction safety log and supplementary
forms. OSHA, accident investigations.
2) Workers' compensation cases.
3) Employee's medical history.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1) Proper use
2) Employee training & Enforcement.
3) Dusty Operations.
4) Unknown hazards.
5) Hazardous waste operations and Emergency
Response
Typical Programs
 Machine guarding.
 Make sure that machine guarding is:
 Making sure the site personnel is aware
and protected in the area where machine
is working.
Review electrical and mechanical
interlocks to see if they work properly.
 Equipment Repair.
 Inspect and repair and/or replaced defective
parts
Formulating the Plan
 Team Effort Required
1) Management.
2) Supervisors.
3) Laborers.
4) Protecting the Site, with temporary fencing.
 Reducing the risk of trespassing. Developing Scope of Work.
 Identifying Controls for Reducing Hazards.
 Reviewing Hazards of each Task
 Physical

 Chemical

 Biological
 Formulating the Plan (cont’d)
 Review:
1) Facility.
2) Operations
3) Hazardous Materials
 Points to Consider
1) Details of the Plan.
2) Degree of Action Required.
3) Envision Potential Incidents.
4) Review Previous Incidents
Sample Site Safety Plan
Implementing the Work Plan
 Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses.
 Must be able to interpret/manage safety
programs, solve problems effectively.
 Must have skills to recognize legal, financial, and
customer relations.
 Maintains a safe environment.
 Designed to protect employees, company’s
facilities, and local community.
Work Plan (cont’d)
 Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of
hazards
 Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as
appropriate
 Periodic safety inspection
 Correct known deficiencies
 Must be available for review and updated
as required
General Requirements
 Company Policies
 Site Description, Background.
 Names of Site Management to be
displayed.
 Site Security
 Emergency Response
Determine Contractor Relationship
 Identify
who supervises contractor’s
employees.
 Must have on-site project.
supervisor/manager.
 Must share responsibility/liability.
 Must share responsibility/liability.
 Must be able to interpret/manage safety
programs, solve problems effectively.
 Must have skills to recognize legal,
financial, and customer relations.
Problems without Emergency
Response
Continual Improvement
 Guidelines
must be created for
improvement
 Company policies
 Contractors rules/procedures
 H&S Plan
 Learning from mistakes
 Safety must be measured and monitored
Reviewing On-Going Operations
 Conduct site safety inspections.
 Review training records and work permits.
 Review how deficiencies are detected and
corrected.
 Conduct progress meetings.
Summary
 Eliminate hazards.
 Reduce risks when hazards cannot be eliminated
 Provide warning devices
 Develop and implement procedures and training.
 Engineering controls are Preferred to avoid human errors.
Problem should corrected for good.
 Engineering controls are preferred to be Permanent to avoid
human errors.
 Accountability must be present. Management commitment
must be visible.
 Teamwork is a requisite for success.“Paper” safety programs
are not enough.
The End