Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus
Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus
PERTUSSIS &
TETANUS
1. Antitoxin:
Mainstay of therapy
Neutralizes only free toxin, efficacy diminishes with elapsed time
Antitoxin is administered as a single empirical dose of 20,000-
120,000 U based on the degree of toxicity, site and size of the
membrane, and duration of illness
2. Antimicrobial therapy
Halt toxin production, treat localized infection and prevent transmission
of the organism to contacts
erythromycin (40-50 mg/kg/day 6 hrly [PO] or [IV]), aqueous
crystalline penicillin G (100,000-150,000 U/kg/day 6 hrly IV or [IM]),
or procaine penicillin (25,000-50,000 U/kg/day 12 hrly IM) for 14 days
Elimination of the organism should be documented by
negative results of at least 2 successive cultures of specimens
from the nose and throat (or skin) obtained 24 hr apart after
completion of therapy
Prognosis: depends on the virulence of the organism
(subspecies gravis), patient age, immunization status, site of
infection and speed of administration of the antitoxin
The case fatality rate of almost 10% for respiratory tract
diphtheria
At recovery, administration of diphtheria toxoid is indicated to
complete the primary series or booster doses of immunization,
because not all patients develop antibodies to diphtheritic toxin
after infection
PREVENTION
Cough increase for next 2-3 weeks and decreases over next 10
weeks
Absence of whoop and/or post-tussive vomiting does not rule
out clinical diagnosis of pertussis
paroxysmal cough>2 weeks with or without whoop and/or
post-tussive vomiting is the hallmark feature of pertussis
Stage III (convalecence stage): period of gradual recovery
even up to 6 months
COMPLICATIONS
Tetanus
INTRODUCTION
VACCINE:
DPT vaccine: 3 primary doses starting at 6 weeks of age
age
At 10 years of age Tdap/Td followed by Td every 10 years
Catch-up vaccination: