GROUP

ONE

CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION
 GROUP
ONE

CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION
The only landlocked region in the insular country, it is
bordered by the Ilocos Region to west and southwest,
and by the Cagayan Valley Region to the north, east, and
southeast.
APAYAO
Apayao is one of the six provinces of CAR,
surrounded by beautiful mountains and river.

The province is classified into upper and

lower. The prominent ethnic group in the
Cordillera Mountain of Northern part of Luzon
is called Isneg/Isnag/Itneg
APAYAO KATHERINE
PROVINCE
ORTEGA

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR

ANCESTRAL DOMAINS
• The Isnegs are the dominant ethnic group in the
area. The Isneg’s ancestors are assumed to have been
the pro-Austronesians.
• Apayao is located deep in the Cordillera mountains
of Northern Luzon which has the capital of
Kabugao.
• Most of the Isnegs live along the Apayao River-
Abulog River, Matalag River, and the small rivers
on the hillsides of Ilocos Norte and Abra. They are
also agricultural/horticultural-based.
APAYAO KATHERINE
PROVINCE
ORTEGA

CULTURE
Their native language is Isneg, which is also reffered as
Isnag.
Isneg’s Practices are headhunting, sacrifices and offerings,
having a large ritual group, and other rites like genital
cutting and tattooing.
The Isnegs are aesthectically-inclined and known for their
intricate woven fabrics and delicate constructions of
houses.
•Sipattal- an ornament made of shells and beads, used
only on special occasions by Isneg men.
•Binakol- a blanket which features optical illusions
designs
APAYAO KATHERINE
PROVINCE
ORTEGA

HISTORICAL RECORDS AND

HIGHLIGHTS

The Isneg were known for headhunting, a practice that

they continued until the 1920s and which played a
central role in their religion and social structure. The
colonial regime of the Spaniards sought to stop this
practice and to fully spread Christianity in the mountain
people but it only led to the killings of numerous people.
The Isneg practice of head taking came to an end in
1913.
APAYAO
PROVINCE

PRESENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS

• The unfair treatment in justice system

• The Isneg and their ancestral domain have remained
isolated from and against modernization.
ABRA
Abra, officially the Province of
Abra , is a province in the
Cordillera Administrative Region
of the Philippines. Its capital is
the municipality of Bangued.
ABRA RENETTE
PROVINCE
BAQUIRAN

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR

ANCESTRAL DOMAINS
• The first inhabitants of Abra were the ancestors of
the Bontocs and the Ifugaos. These inhabitants
eventually left to settle in the old Mountain
Province. Other early inhabitants were the
Tingguians, or Itnegs, as they are also known.
• The word “Tingguian” is traced to the Malay root
word “tinggi” meaning high, mountains, elevated,
upper. However, the people refer to themselves as
“Itneg, Gimpong or Idaya-as” or based on their 12
sub-people group.
ABRA RENETTE
PROVINCE
BAQUIRAN

CULTURE
The Tinguian culture dates back to pre-Spanish times
but in spite of strong external forces negatively
affecting their customs, they continue to practice their
ethnic traditions.
ABRA
PROVINCE

PRESENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS

• Mining and Indigenous Rights in the

Luzon Highlands
• Disturbing Cordilleran IP community’s
ancestral land
• Misrepresentation and Appropriation of
Culture
MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
 MOUNTAIN CANIESO &
PROVINCE
SENIN

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR

ANCESTRAL DOMAINS
• BALANGAO • BONTOC PEOPLE
-The Balangao, also known as Boliwons were the -The Bontoc Igorots refers to the people of the
early settlers of the Eastern Mountain Province in present. Mountain province living in the
central Cordillera. Concentrations of this subdivision known as the Bontoc region. The
ethnolinguistic group are found in the towns of Bontoc Igorots are a unique Filipino ethnic group
Barlig, Natonin, and Paracelis. According to the with a distinct culture
tribe's oral historians, the Gaddangs of Cagayan
fled to the mountains in the 17th century, soon after
their defeat at the hands of Spanish colonists.
 MOUNTAIN CANIESO &
PROVINCE
SENIN

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR

ANCESTRAL DOMAINS
• APPLAI TRIBE/KANKANAEY
-The Kankanaey built sloping terraces to maximize
farm space in the rugged terrain of the Cordilleras.
Kankaney’s of Western Mountain Province from
the municipalities of Sagada and Besao identify
themselves as part of a tribe called Applai or Aplai.
MOUNTAIN CANIESO &
PROVINCE
SENIN

CULTURE
• Bontoc -The people in Cordillera make arts based on their
emotions and belief. Present-day Bontocs are a peaceful
agricultural people who have, by choice, retained most of their
traditional culture despite frequent contacts with other groups.
• Balangaos - practice wet terrace farming, planting rice and root
crops such as taro, yam, and sweet potato. Additionally, they're
skilled in bamboo and rattan crafts, as well as, weaving and
blacksmithing
• The Applai observes their own customs and traditions during
occasions like weddings, death or other community related
affairs. The Applais engage in a variety of economic activities all
year round.
MOUNTAIN CANIESO &
PROVINCE
SENIN

HISTORICAL RECORDS AND

HIGHLIGHTS
• Bontoc is the historical capital of the entire Cordillera region since the inception of governance in
the Cordillera. Bontoc is home to the Bontoc tribe, a feared war-like group of indigenous people
who actively indulged in tribal wars with its neighbors until the 1930s.
• The Balangao tribe inhabits the barangay in the Natonin, Mountain Province, Philippines. Speakers
converse a Farangao language, which has a dominant “ch”, “r”, and “f” intonation, similar to that of
the Bontocs. Likewise, the Balangao dialect is also used by other nearby tribes whose own
languages are interrelated to Farangao.
• The term Applai is popularly used by the Eastern people to refer to the Mountain Province
Westeners, in the same manner that the Easteners are called "I-lagod." Sometimes, Applai is
referred to as Kankanaeys of the Mountain Provinces because of some similarities.
MOUNTAIN
PROVINCE

PRESENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS

• MASSIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT

• Duterte signs law creating Barangay Pudo in
Mountain Province
• TPLEx rerouting squabble sizzles
IFUGAO
In Ifugao Province, Its capital is Lagawe
and it borders Benguet to the west,
Mountain Province to the north, Isabela to
the east, and Nueva Vizcaya to the south.
There are 2 ethnolinguistic groups: the
Ayangan and Tuwali. The Rice Terraces of
the Philippine Cordilleras and Banaue Rice
Terraces are the main tourist attractions in
the province.
IFUGAO RINALYN
PROVINCE
FAMINTAHO
N
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR
ANCESTRAL DOMAINS

• AYANGAN - the Ayangan is an important tribe in

the province of Ifugao, Philippines . This mountain
region is the northern part of the island of Luzon, the
most populous island of the Philippines
• TUWALI - known to many as Kiangan, Ifugao, or
Gilipanes. There are five rice terraces that are
located in Nagakadan, Mayoyao, Banaue, and
Hungduan
IFUGAO RINALYN
PROVINCE
FAMINTAHO
N
CULTURE

BELIEF
- recognizes eleven different classes of deities
Rituals in agricultural cycle
-Hagnong -Kulpi
-Hopnak -Hongot
IFUGAO KIRSTEN
PROVINCE
FERNANDO

HISTORICAL RECORDS AND

HIGHLIGHTS
• PRE COLONIAL AGE
• SPANISH PERIOD
• AMERICAN REGIME
• WORLD WAR 2
IFUGAO
PROVINCE

PRESENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS

• Continuing pursuit of Cordillera

Autonomy
• Widespread Underdevelopment of CAR
• Continuing struggle of the IPs in securing
their land tenure
BENGUET
a landlocked province of the
Philippines located in the southern tip
of the Cordillera Administrative
Region in the island of Luzon. Its
capital is La Trinidad.
BENGUET JOHN ROY
PROVINCE
DIMAPILIS

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND THEIR

ANCESTRAL DOMAINS
• KANKANAEY IBENGUET - ATOK, BAKUN,
BUGUIAS, ITOGON, KABAYAN, KAPANGAN,
KIBUNGAN, LA TRINIDAD, MANKAYAN,
TUBA, TUBLAY IN BENGUET
• KALANGUYA - BOKOD, BUGUIAS,
DOMOLPOS, KABAYAN, LA TRINIDAD, TUBA
• IBALOI - BOKOD, ITOGON, KABAYAN,
KAPANGAN, LA TRINIDAD, SABLAN, TUBA,
TUBLAY
• KARAO - KARAO, BOKOD, BENGUET
BENGUET JIMMARRIE
PROVINCE
SAN PEDRO

CULTURE
1. BELIEFS 3. LIVELIHOOD
2. CUSTOM LAW 4. TATTOO AND SCARIFICATION
- WHANG - OD
BENGUET JIMMARRIE
PROVINCE
SAN PEDRO

HISTORICAL RECORDS AND

HIGHLIGHTS
1. ST. LOUIS WORLD FAIR of 1904- igorot
people were brought to st. Louis for a exhibit.
- T.S. Eliot was inspired and wrote a short story
titled "The Man Who Was King".
2. RICE TERRACES - also known as "Hagdan-
hagdang Palayan ng Banawe"
-carve into the mountains of Banawe, Ifugao by
the ancestors of Igorots
- it is called the "EIGHTH WONDER OF THE
WORLD"
BENGUET
PROVINCE

PRESENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS

1. ECONOMIC POVERTY
2. SOCIAL POVERTY
3. POLITICAL POVERTY
CONCLUSION
Cordillera Administrative Region is a landlocked region known for the Rice terraces and home of many
Indigenous people. Although the region is well known for its tourism, CAR is still widespread
underdeveloped. The region remains at low priority in National Government Operations. Indigenous
People that live in the region still carries the traditions and cultures they grew up to and still have a
struggle of protecting their ancestral domains because of the slow implementation of the law