GEE 006 – INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF THE PHILIPPINES

BSAIS 2C (November 13, 2020 – 4:30-7:30)

BSAIS 2A (November 15, 2020 – 7:00-10:00)

IVATAN
 Found in the Batanes group of small islands particularly on the
islands of Batan, Sabtang, and the Itbayat.
 Chirin nu Ibatan or better known as Ivatan – language used.
 Houses are made of coral and limestone cement. Some have roofs
thatched with grass (vuchid).
 Because of frequent typhoons the walls and roofs are built almost a
meter thick while the floor is raised about two meters high.
 They are peace-loving and clannish.
 Ivatan courtship takes the form of service to the family of the girl.
 Go-between – means that the man is humble and places the social
status of his family below that of his intended bride.
 Uvod – is the native delicacy that is served together with palek (wine).
 Dancing is very much a part of a festive occasion.
 Today, most Ivatans like most Filipinos, are Catholic.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaMqlnfw9Cg

IWAK
 found in the watersheds of the drainage system of the Cordillera and
Caraballo mountains.
 They are engaged in the intensive type of wet agriculture to slash-
and-burn cultivation of both grain and root crops.
 Taro – is the staple and ritually most prized food but recently, sweet
potato has been supplanting taro in the Iwak’s daily diet.
 Handicraft manufacturing – which includes basket and broom-making
are produced in their market.
 Basketry technique has three classes:
o Kabang – all-purpose back basket
o Gipia – small, shallow tray used during meal time, and
o Dakilan – a large flat mostly used during rituals.
 One of the pride of the IWAK Tribe is their ABUNAN. The abunan is a
centuries old sacred structure where they house their mummified
ancestors. According to the locals, their used to be FIVE (5) ancestors
house in the ABUNAN, a couple and their THREE (3) children.
 However, in the early 1980’s scrupulous people, who introduced
themselves as historians, managed to steal 1 of the mummies.
According to news from the Philippine archeological scene, the stole
mommy has been sold to a collector in Europe.  Because of this, the
IWAK have been warry of people offering to give them assistance to
gain access to the community.

KALAGAN
 Are the Islamized Indigenous peoples in the Western Davao
gulf area.
 Tagakaolo – language used by the Kalagans.
 They are agriculturists, cultivating rice, corn, abaca and
coconut for crashed crops, while those living along the coast
engaged in fishing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7j9XpTwJLB4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BB2GBMSSvs

KALINGA
 Are the Indigenous peoples of Kalinga.
 They are generally known to be tall, dark complexioned, and lissome
with high bridged noses.
 They are also headhunters.
 Bodong – is a peace pact or treaty between two tribes wherein the
Pagta or laws on inter-tribal relations are made. It is also the Magna
Carta of the Kalingas.
 Tribal wars occur when bodong peace pact system was broken or
violated.
 Payew and uma (ricefields and swidden farm) – main source of
livelihood among the Kalingas. Cattle are also pastured and poultry is
raised in the backyard.
 Gadiw (small fish), shell, and marine life are taken from the rivers.
 Men hunt for wild pigs, deer and wild fowl in the forest using spears.
 Basi (wine) of the Kalingas.
 Other economic activities are cloth and basket-weaving, blacksmith,
and pottery.
  Kalinga household consist of a nuclear family and sometimes an
aged grandparent. They show great respect for elders and they are
clannish.
 Lawa or Kapus (poor) and baknang (wealthy) – are the two Kalinga
society stratification.
o Considered wealthy if possessing several ricefields, working
animals, heirlooms like china plates and jars, agate
head/necklaces, and brass gongs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGTGp31QD2c