MRS. LINDA V.

QUICOSA
The Land and the People
Early names
Ma-I – Land of the Barbarians
Chin-San – Mountain of Gold
Liu-Sung – Land Adjacent to the Mainland
Islas de Poniente – Western Islands
Archipelago of Magellan
Archipelago of Legazpi
Archipelago of St. Lazarus – name given by Magellan
in 1521
Filipinas – given by Villalobos in 1543 in honor of King
Philip II
Pearl of the Orient – Juan Delgado; but this romantic
name was glorified by Jose Rizal
Maharlika – name given by former president
Ferdinand Marcos
Geographical Location
MOTTO: For God,
People, Nature and
Country
Part of South East Asia
115,707 sq. miles
Luzon – largest island
Mindanao – second
largest
Samar – third largest
Regions in the Philippines
Cordillera Administrative
National Capital Region Region
 Manila
 Quezon City
Abra – Bangued
 Pasay

Apayao – Kabugao
Pasig
 Marikina Benguet – La Trinidad
 Mandaluyong
 Malabon Ifuga0 – Lagawe
 San Juan
 Taguig Kalinga - Tabuk
 Parañaque
 Las Piñas
 Muntinlupa
 Makati
 Caloocan
 Navotas
 Valenzuela
 Pateros
Region 1: Ilocos Region 2: Cagayan Valley
Ilocos Norte – Laoag Batanes – Basco
Ilocos Sur – Vigan Cagayan – Tuguegarao
La Union – San Fernando Nueva Vizcaya – Bayombong
Pangasinan - Lingayen Isabela – Ilagan
Quirino - Cabarroguis
Region 3: Central Luzon
Aurora – Baler
Bataan – Balanga
Bulacan – Bulacan
Nueva Ecija – Palayan City
Pampanga – San Fernando
Tarlac- Tarlac
 Zambales - Iba
Region 4A:CALABARZON
Batangas – Batangas City
Cavite – Trece Martires
Laguna – Santa Cruz
Rizal – Antipolo City
Quezon - Lucena
Region 4B: MIMAROPA
Occidental Mindoro –
Mamburao
Oriental Mindoro – Calapan
Marinduque – Boac
Romblon – Romblon
Palawan – Puerto Princesa
Region 5: Bicol
Albay – Legazpi
Camarines Norte – Daet
Camarines Sur – Pili
Catanduanes – Virac
Sorsogon - Sorsogon
Region 6: Western Visayas
Aklan – Kalibo
Antique – San Jose
Capiz – R0xas City
Guimaras – Jordan
Iloilo – Iloilo City
Negros Occidental - Bacolod
Region 7: Central Visayas
Bohol – Tagbilaran
Cebu – Cebu City
Negros Oriental –
Dumaguete
Siquijor- Siquijor
 Region 9: Zamboanga
Region 8: Eastern Visayas Peninsula
Biliran – Naval Zamboanga del Norte –
Eastern Samar – Borongan Dipolog
Leyte – Tacloban Zamboanga del Sur –
Northern Samar – Catarman Pagadian
Zamboanga Sibugay - Ipil
Samar – Catbalogan
Southern Leyte - Maasin
Region 10: Northern
Mindanao
Bukidnon – Malaybalay
Camiguin – Mambajao
Lanao del Norte – Tubod
Misamis Occidental –
Oroquieta
Misamis Oriental – Cagayan
de Oro
Region 11: Davao Region
Compostela Valley –
Nabunturan
Davao del Norte – Tagum
Davao del Sur – Digos
Davao Oriental - Mati
Region 12: SOCCKSARGEN
South Cotabato – Koronadal
Cotabat0 – Kidapawan
Saranggani – Alabel
Sultan Kudarat - Isulan
Region 13: CARAGA
Agusan del Norte – Butuan
Agusan del Sur – Prosperidad
Dinagat Island- San Jose
Surigao del Norte – Surigao
City
Surigao del Sur – Tandag
ARMM – Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao
Basilan – Isabela de Basilan
Lanao del Sur – Marawi
Maguindanao – Shariff
Aguak
Shariff Kabunsuan – Datu
Odin Sinsuat
Sulu – Jolo
Tawi-Tawi – Panglima Sugala
Mountains
Sierra Madre –
considered as the
longest continuous
mountain in the
Philippines
Western Caraballo – mountain ranges which is
divided into Northern and Central Cordillera.
Caraballo de Baler – Baler, Aurora to Mayon Volcano
in Albay and Bulusan Volcano in Sorsogon.
Zambales Range – begins from Bolinao, Pangasinan
and ends in Bataan.
Tagaytay Range – crosses the province of Batangas
Eastern Range – Surigao
Central Eastern Mountain Range – Butuan and
extends to Agusan del Sur.
Central Western Mountain Range – Mt. Apo and
extends to Cotabato and Zamboanga
Rivers
Cagayan River – Longest
River
Agno River- Benguet,
Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan
and Tarlac
Agusan River – Second
longest river
Pampanga River – third
longest river
Plains
Central Plain of Luzon –
largest plain
Cagayan Valley – second
largest
Cotabato valley –
largest inland plains
Volcanoes
Mayon Volcano – Albay
Taal – Batangas
Pinatubo – Zambales
Bulusan – Sorsogon
Hibok – Hibok –
Camiguin
Kanlaon – Negros
Oriental
Natural Wonders and Scenic Spots
Ifugao Rice Terraces
Considered as one of
the 8th wonder
Famous for its almost
perfect cone
Mt. Apo – the
Philippines’ highest peak
2,958 ft. above sea level
Philippine Deep –
Philippines’ lowest point
34,440 ft. below sea
level
Chocolate hills – Bohol
Hundred Islands –
Pangasinan-

Main islands
Governor
Quezon
Children
Maria Cristina Falls
Source of hydro electric
power in Lanao del
Norte
Pagsanjan Falls –Laguna
Magdapio falls
Mt. Banahaw - Quezon
Callao Caves - Cagayan
Land Bridge Theory
States that the Philippines was part of mainland Asia
but during the post glacial period the world ice
melted causing the rise of water level submerging the
lower regions which included the land bridges linking
mainland China and the Philippines. What were not
submerged became the Philippine Archipelago.
Mu or Lemuria
Philippines and Indonesia were remnants of Pacific
continent which sunk during prehistoric period

Influenced by the legend of the Lost Continent of

Atlantis popularized by early European writers.
Volcanic in Origin
Dr. Brailey Willis and Dr. Fritjof Voss maintain that
the Philippines is volcanic in origin

Voss found out that the China’s earth doesn’t extend

to the Philippines which disputed the land bridge
theory
Migration Theory
Dr. Henry Otley Beyer
Roughly about 250,000 BC the
Dawn Man, the first settlers of
the Philippines, first appeared
through the land bridges
connecting mainland Asia and
the Philippines. They reached
the Philippines while hunting
rhinoceros, wild boar and
other prehistoric animals.
Prehistoric ancestors
Pygmies or Negritos
First inhabitants
Have primitive culture:
nomadic, no form of
government, no system of
writing, no arts and science
 Indonesians
Considered to be the “First
Sea Immigrants
Came in two waves
Lived in organized villages,
knew how to use copper
tools
Said to be the ancestors of
the Ibanags, Kalingas,
Apayaos, Ifugaos and Igorots
Malay
Came in three groups:
 Head hunting Malays
 Ancestors of Bontoks
 Alphabet using Malays
 Ancestors of the Tagalogs,
Ilocanos and Visayans
 Muslim Malays
 Ancestors of Filipino
Muslims
East Asian River System Theory
Dr. Peter Bellwood
Based on archaeological and linguistic studies, the
early settlers came from mainland Asia, and not South
East Asia contrary to the Migration Theory.