Regionalization and Resources

Members:
Bermejo, Catherine
De Vega, Jose Gabriel
Edosor, Emma Joy
Isio, Jaimielyn Joy
Zita, Aries

Topic distribution:
Northern and Central Luzon- Bermejo
NCR and Southern Luzon- Edosor
The Visayan Island- De Vega
Mindanao- Isio
Sulu Island- Zita

TOPIC CONTENT SOURCES

Northern and The Cordillera Region is composed of the central https://www.dti.g

Central Luzon mountain ranges located in Northern Luzon, ov.ph/regions/regi
Philippines. It has a total land area of on1/profile/
approximately 1.75 million hectares or 17,500
square kilometers. https://abra.gov.p
h/about/#:~:text=
The provinces comprising the Cordillera region Abra%20is%20a
are Abra, Mountain Province, Kalinga, Apayao, %20landlocked
Ifugao, Benguet, and the city of Baguio. %20province,coa
stal%20plains%2
The present population of the region is 0of%20Ilocos%2
approximately 1.3 million. 0Sur

https://narrastudi
The headwaters of major river systems in northern o.com/blogs/jour
Luzon originate in the Cordillera Region. nal/abra-the-natu
ral-dye-capital-of
Chico river -the-philippines#:
the Agno river ~:text=Abra%2C
the Amburayan river, %20located%20i
the Abulog n%20northern%
Apayao twin rivers 20Luzon,the%20i
the Abra river ndigenous%20Itn
eg%2FTingguian
The Cordillera Region is known for its rich %20people
mineral deposits, such as gold and copper found in
the mineral belt traversing the entire mountain https://rssocar.ps
region. a.gov.ph/mountai
n
It is also known for its forest endowment of hard
wood and other varieties of trees. http://laoag.china
-consulate.gov.cn/
Abra - is a landlocked province on the Western eng/lqjs/gsgk_1/2
side of the massive Cordillera in Northern Luzon. 02007/t20200728_
5542721.htm#:~:t
Its deep valleys and sloping hills are enclosed by ext=Mountain%2
rugged mountains, except in the Western portion 0Province%20is
where the Abra River flows towards the coastal %20tagged%20a
plains of Ilocos Sur. s,indicate%20the
%20province's%
20cultural%20he
Natural Dye Capital of the Philippines” for its ritage
abundance of natural dye-producing materials and
practices, handed down through generations of the http://www.ethni
indigenous Itneg/Tingguian people. cgroupsphilippin
es.com/ethnic-gro
Mt. Province - lies in the heart of the Grand ups-in-the-philip
Cordillera, known to be the Philippine's biggest pines/kalinga/#:~
and highest chain of mountains. :text=Their%20n
eighbors%20and
The province is bounded on the North by %20even%20inv
Kalinga, on the south by Benguet and Ifugao, on aders,beautiful%
the east by Isabela, and on the west by Ilocos Sur 20and%20colorf
and Abra. ul%20beaded%2
0jewelry
Mountain Province is tagged as "Weaver's
Paradise" because of the different weaving centers http://laoag.china
that create unique designs which indicate the -consulate.gov.cn/
province's cultural heritage eng/lqjs/gsgk_1/2
00704/t20070430_
5542701.htm#:~:t
ext=GEOGRAP
Kalinga - It is bounded by the provinces of HY%3A%20Ifug
Cagayan and Apayao in the north, Mt. Province in ao%20is%20loca
the south, and Abra in the West. ted%20at,Provin
ce
The greater sections of Cagayan and Isabela are
found on its eastern part. Sharp-crested https://saad.da.go
interlinking mountain peaks, steep slopes, isolated v.ph/priority_pro
flat lands, plateau's and valley characterize the vinces/car/apayao
western side while the eastern section is generally
rolling with gradually sloping foothills, https://rssocar.ps
interlocking wide track of flat lands and a.gov.ph/benguet
floodplains along its main rivers.
https://ilocosnort
the name Kalinga, which originated from the e.gov.ph/
Gaddang and Ibanag languages, means
“headhunter.” https://mis.ilocoss
ur.gov.ph/
The Kalingas are a proud people and well known
for their intricate hand-woven textiles and https://cda.gov.ph
beautiful and colorful beaded jewelry. /region-1/about/#
:~:text=La%20U
Kalinga Province is known for rice farming, with nion%20covers%
some of the most extensive farms in the region. 20a%20total,by
Basket weaving, pot making and metal works are %20the%20Sout
also prevalent in the region. In the small villages, h%20China%20
locals can be seen making handicrafts, which they Sea
are happy to sell to tourists for a small amount of
money. https://www.pwc.
com/ph/en/gems/
Apayao - is located deep in the Cordillera batanes.html
mountains of Northern Luzon. These mountain
range form a natural boundary between the Ilocos http://laoag.china
Region in the west and the Cagayan Valley in the -consulate.gov.cn/
east. eng/lqjs/gsgk_1/2
00704/t20070430_
The Apayao river rises from its extensive 5542678.htm#:~:t
watershed along its western slope and peaks. The ext=Its%20capita
river courses along the heartlands of the province, l%20is%20Tugue
meanders beside the town of Kabugao following a garao.,the%20for
northward route towards the Pacific Ocean efront%20of%20
through the coastal town of Abulug, Apayao. its%20offering

The top three crops of the province are cassava https://m.travelo

with 76.3% (9,020.5 MT) contribution to the total ka.com/en-ph/exp
production in Apayao, followed by banana with lore/destination/r
7.9% or 933.4 MT, and squash fruit with 6.5% or eveal-the-beauty-
766.4 MT. Apayao is the top producer of cassava of-nueva-vizcaya-
with 6.1 of the regional cassava production; guide-to-discover
second top producer of squash fruit 22.2% and ing-the-most-stun
third top producer of banana with 9.10%. ning-tourist-acc/2
54754
Ifugao - is located at the foot of the Cordillera
Mountain Ranges. It is bounded on the west by https://en.m.wiki
Benguet, on the south by Nueva Vizcaya, on the pedia.org/wiki/Ba
east by Isabela and on the north by Mt. Province. taan
Ifugao has a land area total of 2,517.78 sq. km.
Situated within the Cordillera Central mountain https://bulacan.g
range, Ifugao is characterized by rugged terrain, ov.ph/general-inf
river valleys, and massive forests. o/about-bulacan/

The Ifugao are Known worldwide for the stunning https://www.visit

rice terraces they have carved out of the myphilippines.co
mountainsides, modifications of the earth beside m/index_title_Dis
which, declared anthropolgist Franklin Barton, coverNuevaEcija
“the Suez and Panama Canals are quantitatively _func_all_pid_30
insignificant.” They are also among the most 94_tbl_0.html
imaginative and prolific Fililpino craftspeople in a
more general sense, especially with respect to https://visitcentra
woodworking, weaving, and basketry. Besides wet lluzon.com/provi
rice cultivation in their enormous terraces, the nces/pampanga/
Ifugao practice dry cultivation of sweet potatoes
and other crops, and rotate vegetables in the https://tarlac.gov.
terraces during the off season. ph/investment-to
urism/why-invest
Benguet - Located at the southern end of the -in-tarlac/
Cordillera Region is the province of Benguet.
Bounded on the south by Pangasinan and on the https://philippine
west by La Union and Ilocos Sur, Benguet serves s.travel/destinatio
as the gateway to the highland provinces of the ns/zambales
Cordillera Region. At 5,000 feet above sea level,
the province lies on top of the Cordillera
Mountains. Rugged and sloping terrain and deep
valleys characterize the province. Amidst these
mountain peaks is a wide plateau wherein the
capital town, La Trinidad, is located. A total of 13
municipalities and 140 barangays make up the
province.

La Trinidad, the capital of Benguet, is known as

the top producer of strawberries which are mostly
marketed in Baguio City and at the strawberry
farms within the swamp area. This town's
strawberry produce has given it the Guinness
record for the biggest strawberry shortcake in
2004.

Baguio - Hailed as the Summer Capital of the

Philippines, Baguio is the top destination to go to
if you want to take a break from the tropical heat
in the lowlands. With average temperatures
ranging from 15-23°C, the city rarely experiences
temperatures higher than 26°C even during the
warmest parts of the year. Because of this climate,
Baguio is also home to beautiful plants that
wouldn’t usually survive elsewhere in the county.
Also nicknamed the City of Pines, you’ll be in for
a treat with all the beautiful flowers and lush
vegetation as you enter the vicinity. It will truly
feel as if you’re entering a different world.

The Baguio Mineral District in Luzon, Philippines

is known to host several world-class epithermal
gold – porphyry copper deposits. The interplay of
tectonic setting, magma composition, structural
control and hydrothermal systems contributed to
the generation of these deposits. Ridge subduction
(Scarborough seamount) resulting to flat
subduction and a transpressional regime could
also be related to the formation of epithermal gold
- porphyry copper deposits in Baguio.

Region 1 consists of four provinces and eight

cities, namely: the province of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos
Sur, La Union and Pangasinan; and the cities of
Dagupan, San Carlos, Alaminos and Urdaneta in
Pangasinan; Laoag in Ilocos Norte, Vigan and
Candon in Ilocos Sur; San Fernando in La Union.
The City of San Fernando is the center of the
region.

Its provinces are famous for agro-industrial

businesses such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation
and processing, livestock raising, fish paste
(bagoong) processing, among others. Income in
the Ilocos provinces also come from cultivating
rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; and
from raising livestock such as pigs, chicken,
goats, and carabaos.

Ilocos Norte - a province in the northernmost

region of the Philippines, is a place of rich history,
vibrant culture, and breathtaking landscapes. The
province is located on the northwest corner of
Luzon Island, bordered by the South China Sea to
the west and the Cordillera Mountain Range to the
east. Ilocos Norte is known for its unique blend of
Spanish and Ilocano culture, a result of centuries
of Spanish colonization and the resilience of the
Ilocano people.

Ilocos Norte is particularly known for its garlic

production, with the town of Sinait being dubbed
as the “Garlic Capital of the North.”

Handicrafts are another important industry in

Ilocos Norte. The province is known for its
traditional crafts, including pottery, weaving, and
woodcraft.

Ilocos Sur - one of the most historically rich

locations in the country that mixes the colorful
Ilocano culture with colonial Spanish heritage.
Known for its centuries-old architecture, Ilocos
Sur is the perfect destination for history buffs and
curious travelers alike. Ilocos Sur is world-famous
for not one, but two UNESCO World Heritage
Sites that let you travel back in time. UNESCO
describes Ilocos Sur’s capital city, Vigan, as “the
best-preserved example of a planned Spanish
colonial town in Asia.”

Ilocos has long been known for its clay pottery;

you’ll even find pottery workshops across some of
its towns like Vigan. In Ilocano, their term for the
clay pots is “burnay”. It’s traditionally used to
store water or rice and ferment sauces and wine.
Nowadays, burnay jars are also widely used for
aesthetic purposes.

La Union - covers a total area of 1,497.70 square

kilometres (578.27 sq mi) occupying the
central‑southern section of the Ilocos Region in
Luzon. The province is bordered by Ilocos Sur to
the north, Benguet to the east, Pangasinan to the
south, and to the west by the South China Sea.

This laid-back coastal town is famous for its

surfing spots but what not a lot of people know is
that it’s also brimming with other natural and
heritage attractions and cultural activities like red
clay pottery, grape picking, loom weaving,
churches for pilgrimage tours, waterfalls, and
eco-tours.
Pangasinan - is located in the west central area of
Luzon in the Philippines. It is bordered by La
Union to the north, Benguet and Nueva Vizcaya to
the northeast, Nueva Ecija to the southeast, and
Zambales and Tarlac to the south. To the west of
Pangasinan is the South China Sea. The province
also encloses the Lingayen Gulf.

tensive fishponds mostly for raising bangus or

“milkfish” along the coasts of the Lingayen Gulf
and the South China Sea. Pangasinan’s
aquaculture includes oyster and sea urchin farms.

Salt is also a major industry. In salt evaporation

ponds seawater is mixed with sodium bicarbonate
until the water evaporates and the salt remains.
This is their ancient tradition inspired from Egypt.

Cagayan Valley Region is composed of five

provinces –Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino,
and Nueva Vizcaya; and four cities: Tuguegarao,
Cauayan, Ilagan, and Santiago.

The Cagayan Valley Region is abundant in

agricultural products such as rice, corn, peanut,
beans, and fruits making Region 02 known as the
Top Corn Producer and second in palay
production in the Philippines. Among the priority
sectors being promoted for development by DTI
R02 includes Agribusiness (Coffee, Cacao,
Coconut, Pineapple, Peanut, Mango, Root crops,
Banana, Citrus, Rice and Corn processing, waste
processing of rice hull and corn husk), Bamboo,
Home style & Wearables (furniture and creative
industries), IT BPM and e-commerce, and
Tourism/Agri-tourism.
.Batanes Island, called the Home of the Winds, is
considered the smallest province in the
Philippines with only 230 kilometers of total land
area. Part of Batanes’ charm comes from its
somewhat seclusion from its busier and more
crowded neighboring provinces.

Batanes - The Batanes group of islands is located

at the northernmost tip of Philippine territory. It is
known for its scenic waters and terrain and clean
environment. Batanes is also recognized for the
unique culture of the islands’ first settlers, the
Ivatans. Batanes is open for swimming,
snorkeling, diving, lighthouse visits, biking, and
visits to century-old Ivatan houses.

On account of Batanes’ geography, farming and

fishing are the main sources of food and income
of the Ivatans. Vegetables are raised without the
use of chemical fertilizers while root crops have
been one of the major agricultural products of the
province. The sea waters, on the other hand, are
aplenty, especially from March to May, with
dibang (flying fish) and arayo (jacket fish or
dorado). The lobsters also make for a truly
memorable visit to the province.

Cagayan - is a province of the Philippines in the

Cagayan Valley region in the northeast of Luzon
Island, and includes the Babuyan Islands to the
north. The province borders Ilocos Norte and
Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to
the south. Its capital is Tuguegarao.

Known as the spelunker's, trekker's, and game

fisher's paradise rolled into one, Cagayan provides
a never-ending adventure with ecotourism in the
forefront of its offering. Both foreign and local
tourists continue to explore its caves, engage in
game fishing expeditions, trek its mighty
mountains and retreat to its centuries-old
churches.

Cagayan is also Region 2’s major livestock

producer. It has the third largest population of
carabaos in the entire country, with a total of more
than 138,000 heads. Majority of Cagayan’s stocks
are native carabaos, however, new breeds are
being introduced for meat and dairy. The cattle
population of the Province is more than 37,000
heads.

Isabela - comprises an aggregate land area of

10,665 square kilometers, representing almost 40
percent of the regional territory. It is the largest
province in the region and the second largest
province in the Philippines in terms of land area.

The Province of Isabela is also known as 'The

Queen Province of the North', 'Top Corn Producer
of the Philippines' and 'Rice Bowl of the North'.

It is also known as one of the premier province in

the north and most progressive in the country.
With its large production of rice and corn it is no
doubt that Isabela is the haven of rice and corn in
the Philippines.

Quirino - Province lies in the southeastern portion

of Cagayan Valley Region within the upper
Cagayan River Basin. Isabela bounds it on the
north, Aurora on the east and southeast and Nueva
Vizcaya on the west and southwest. The Sierra
Madre Mountain Range provides a natural barrier
on the eastern and southern border and the
Mamparang Range on the western part of the
province. It has a total land area of 3,057 square
kilometers, which is approximately 8.4 percent of
the regional area, and 1.02 percent of the total
land area of the country.

Quirino province is blessed with diverse natural

resources, such as awesome caves, rivers,
breathtaking waterfalls, mountains and valleys,
forests, plantations and minerals.

Nueva Vizcaya - is a province located at the heart

of Northern Luzon, often referred to as the
Gateway to the Cagayan Valley. It is surrounded
by mountain ranges in almost all sides, Caraballo
to its south, Cordillera to its west and Sierra
Madre to its east. Being nestled in between
mountains, Nueva Vizcaya is a melting pot of
ecotourism sites that are yet to be uncovered by
the adventurous traveler.

Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines, is known for being

the Citrus Capital of the country. As one of the top
citrus growers in the nation, this province will not
fail to impress in terms of fresh citrus harvest.
Remember that the tourist spots in Nueva
Vizcaya, Philippines are something one could only
dream of

Central Luzon is located north of Manila, it is the

access region to the regions of Ilocos, Cordilleras,
and Cagayan Valley. It is the only region that
meets both east and west of the country, it is
surrounded by Manila Bay to the south, South
China Sea to the west and The Philippine Sea to
the east.

It has a total land area of 21, 470 square

kilometers and is home to the seven provinces
namely: Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija,
Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales.

It has also three Freeport zones namely: Clark,

Subic and Freeport Area of Bataan.

Sugarcane remained to be the top produced

commodity of other crops in the region with 52.69
percent share to the total production of other crops
in 2018. It was followed by Coconut (with husk)
and Onion (mature bulb) with about 7.39 percent
and 7.27 percent shares, respectively.

Aurora - has a total land area of 323,954 hectares.

The principal connection of Aurora to the rest of
Luzon is a limited in width mountain gravel road
following a winding course from one side to the
other side of the Sierra Madre mountain ranges
between Baler town and Bongabon town in Nueva
Ecija. Aurora is divided into eight municipalities
and 151 barangays. It is classified as a 5th class
province with one congressional district. Baler,
the provincial capital, is about 232 kilometers
from Manila.

Aurora's basic economy is agricultural; copra and

rice are the principal products. Fishing and
aquaculture are also predominant in the seven
coastal municipalities. Weaving, especially of
sabutan (Pandanus sabotan) hats is an important
cottage industry.
Bataan - Bataan peninsula, western Luzon,
Philippines, sheltering Manila Bay (to the east)
from the South China Sea. It is about 30 miles (50
km) long and 15 miles (25 km) wide. Corregidor
Island lies just off its southern tip at the entrance
of the bay. Bataan is largely covered by jungle and
is traversed north to south by steep mountains
culminating in Mount Natib (4,224 feet [1,287
metres]) in the north and Mount Bataan (4,701
feet [1,433 metres]) in the south.

Being a peninsula, Bataan is one of the major

sources of various marine products in Luzon, that
include good quality tilapia, bangus (milkfish),
tiger prawn, mud crab, and bivalves such as
mussel, oyster and capiz.

Bulacan - At the heart of Fareast Asia lies

Bulacan—a province in the Republic of the
Philippines, situated in the country's Central
Luzon Region, north of Manila, the nation's
capital.

Bulacan prides itself for its rich historical

heritage. In 1899, the historic Barasoain Church in
Malolos City (Bulacan's capital city) is the
birthplace of the First Constitutional Democracy
in Asia.

Bulacan is also the cradle of the nation's noble

heroes, of great men and women; among them:
Marcelo H. del Pilar—"The Great Propagandist,"
and General Gregorio del Pilar"—The Hero of
Tirad Pass."

Bulacan is also home to many of the country's

greatest artists, with a good number elevated as
National Artists; among them: the legendary poet
Francisco "Baltazar" Balagtas, the musician
Nicanor Abelardo, and the nationalist sculptor
Guillermo Tolentino.

Bulacan is well-known for the following

industries: Marble and Marbleized Limestone,
Jewelry, Pyrotechnics, Leather, Aquaculture, Meat
and Meat Products, Garments, Furniture,
High-Value Crops, and Sweets and Native
Delicacies, and a wide variety of high-quality
native products.

Nueva Ecija - is a landlocked province in the

Philippines located in the Central Luzon Region.
Its capital is the city of Palayan. Nueva Ecija is a
province in Central Luzon which is best known
for being the “Rice Granary of the Philippines”.

Apart from its hidden nature attractions, Nueva

Ecija also boasts numerous historical sites and
landmarks due to its significance during the
Spanish, American, and Japanese colonization
periods.

Vast and untapped deposits of metallic and

non-metallic minerals can be found in the
mountain and forest areas. Among the major
non-metallic mineral deposits are gravel, sand,
white clay, black clay, bentonite, quartz, marble,
red clay and feldspar. Copper and manganese are
the dominant metallic mineral deposits.

Nueva Ecija is landlocked province; hence, its

water resources are composed mainly of surface
and ground waters. These water resources are
being harnessed for irrigation, power generation,
aquaculture production, recreation and domestic
use.

Pampanga - holds the title of being the Culinary

Capital of the Philippines as they offer some of
the best Filipino dishes, but there's more to this
Central Luzon province that just good food. Aside
from being home to the highly urbanized and
modern city of Clark, you can also go here for
hiking trips, or attend crowd-favorite festivals that
feature hot air balloons and beautiful displays of
Christmas lanterns.

Tarlac - is the most multicultural of the Central

Luzon provinces. A mixture of four distinct
groups – the Pampangos, Ilocanos, Pangasinenses
and Tagalogs – share this province and living
together resulted in offering to the visitors the best
cuisine of the places where their ancestors had
come from, namely Bulacan, Nueva Ecija,
Zambales, Pangasinan and the Ilocos Region.

The province’s vast plains yield a bounty of

resources most notable of which is the production
of rice and sugar contributing to both the
country’s food supply and exports. The economy
of the province is predominantly agricultural. It is
among the biggest producers of rice and
sugarcane.

The agricultural lands are utilized for various

crops such as sweet potatoes, okra, tomatoes,
onions, bitter gourd, mustard, garlic, and turnips.
10,500 hectares are dedicated to local fruit trees
such as tamarind, avocado, and star apple.

Zambales - is blessed with pristine attractions for

sun worshipers because of its location on the
western shores of Luzon, along the West
Philippine Sea. It’s home to many coves and
islands like Anawangin Cove, Nagsasa Cove,
Potipot Island, and Capones Island to name a few.
Zambales is also where you can find another top
destination in the North, Subic. The active
stratovolcano Mount Pinatubo’s summit and crater
lake also lies in the Botolan area of Zambales.

Being rich in marine resources, Zambales is also

rich in natural and agricultural resources. It has
36,000 hectares of productive farmlands which
planted by rice, corn, vegetables, and other root
crops.

Zambales also have a healthy mountain with

different minerals. Mountains in Zambales are
rich in nickel, gold, copper, chromite and
manganese which are mostly found in Sta. Cruz
and Masinloc, Zambales.

Zambales is one of the source of high grade

chromite and second of the largest chromite
deposit in the world. We are also “The Home of
The World’s Sweetest Mangoes”.
NCR and Southern NCR, The National Capital Region, officially https://www.mar
Luzon designated as NCR, is an administrative region in vicrm.com/2017/1
the Philippines occupying the central section of 0/list-of-cities-mu
Luzon. It covers 1 municipality, as well as 16 nicipalities-in-me
highly urbanized cities. The regional center is the tro-manila-ncr
City of Manila.
https://www.dti.g
● The smallest region in the Philippines. ov.ph/regions/ncr
/profile/

The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:

the Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina
Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands.

The Coastal Margin that faces the Manila Bay

possesses resources for offshore fisheries and
fishpond development. The various reclamation
projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban
development. The Guadalupe Plateau is the most
adaptable to urban development activities not only
because of its solid geographical foundations but
also because of its existing infrastructure links
with the rest of Luzon. The Marikina Valley has
fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while the
Marikina River provides water for industrial uses
and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only
suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also
for industrial activity.

● NCR was founded by virtue of Presidential

Decree No. 824 signed on November 7,
1975, under the administration of
President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
● In 1976, a conglomeration of four cities -
Manila, Pasay, Caloocan, and Quezon
City.

Cities and Municipality of Manila

● Caloocan - Processed foods, textiles, and
engineering products are its main
industries.

● Las Pinas - Las Pinas is known for the

Bamboo Organ, an antique organ made of
bamboo, and St. Joseph Parish Church,
home to the annual Las Pinas Bamboo
Organ Festival.

● Makati - Referred to as the “Financial

Capital” and “Wall Street” of the
Philippines. It is known for its modern
skyscrapers, upscale shopping centers, and
numerous multinational corporations. Its
strengths lie in finance and business rather
than natural resources.

● Malabon - is a coastal city that is active in

the fishing industry and aquaculture. They
are known for their seafood and fishery
resources.

● Mandaluyong - Another major business

and commercial district. It is home to
several corporate offices, shopping malls,
and residential areas.

● Manila - As the capital city of the

Philippines, Manila is known for its rich
history, cultural heritage, and numerous
 historical sites.

● Marikina - Shoe Capital of the Philippines.

The city is the biggest manufacturer of
quality shoes made from rubber, wood
(bakya) and plastic.

● Muntinlupa - Muntinlupa is known for

Ayala Alabang, an upscale residential
community, and Filinvest City, an
emerging business district. It is also the
location of the New Bilibid Prison.

● Navotas - is the 1st class city in Metro

Manila.
○ fishing capital of the Philippines.
● Paranaque - Paranaque is known for its
entertainment and gaming facilities,
including the Entertainment City complex,
which hosts several casinos and resorts. It
is also home to the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA).
● Pasay - Pasay is home to the Cultural
Center of the Philippines and the Mall of
Asia complex, making it a hub for
entertainment and tourism.
● Pasig - Former capital of the province of
Rizal. Pasig is known for its diverse
shopping and dining options, along with
the Ortigas Center, part of the major
commercial and business district shared
with Mandaluyong.
 ● Pateros (Municipality) - the smallest of the
seventeen cities and municipalities
comprising the Metropolitan Manila. As a
port, Pateros was the focal point of trade
and commerce not only for the entire
Municipality of Pasig but also for the
neighbouring towns.
● Quezon City - Formerly the capital of the
Philippines. Is known for its educational
institutions, government offices, and
various entertainment and commercial
centers. various shopping malls, a
coliseum, and amusement parks.
● San Juan - San Juan is primarily a
residential and commercial area with a rich
cultural and historical heritage. known for
being the site of the first battle of the
Katipunan against the troops of the
Spanish.
● Taguig - An emerging financial and
business district with a vibrant urban
lifestyle. It is not known for natural
resources but serves as a thriving business
and commercial hub.
● Valenzuela - The largest city of the
Philippines. Valenzuela is known for its
industrial zones and manufacturing
activities.

Natural Resources of NCR

While Metro Manila itself is not known for

natural resources, the surrounding provinces
supply the region with various resources,
including agricultural products, water, and fishery
resources. The cities within Metro Manila
primarily serve as centers of administration,
commerce, and industry.
Southern Luzon

The Southern Tagalog Region encompasses 10

provinces in the southern part of Luzon Island,
namely: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and
Quezon which compose: Region IV-A
CALABARZON; and the island provinces of
Oriental and Occidental Mindoro, Marinduque,
Romblon and Palawan which compose Region
IV-B MIMAROPA.

Southern Luzon, one of the geographical regions

of the Philippines, is known for its rich and
diverse natural resources. According to
government data, almost 50 percent of the
region’s population depends on agriculture for
livelihood.

Provinces:

Region IV-A Calabarzon

● Cavite - The province has a mix of

agricultural and industrial resources. The
forests in Cavite provide many forest
products such as bamboo while around 15
mining areas in the province provide
mining materials.

● Laguna - Laguna is famous for its

picturesque lakes and hot springs, making
it a popular tourist destination. The
province also has fertile agricultural land
suitable for rice, corn, and vegetables.

● Batangas - Known for its fertile soil and

agriculture. Batangas is a major producer
of coffee, coconut, and sugarcane.
 ● Rizal - Rizal province is rich in substantial
amount of non-metallic mineral deposits
like rock aggregates, volcanic tuff,
limestone, marble, and guano/rock
phosphate.

● Quezon - Known for its vast agricultural

resources. Quezon produces rice, coconut,
and various fruits. Agriculture and
fisheries are the primary sources of income
for its residents.

Region IV-B Mimaropa

● Mindoro Occidental - Occidental Mindoro

is rich with mineral deposits, metallic and
non-metallic. Copper, nickel chromites,
feldstar, talc asbestos, quartz, limestone,
isle and ornamental stone, marble, building
materials such as gravel and sand, and
guano are some of the mineral deposits
found in the mountains of the province.

● Mindoro Oriental - It produces large

quantities of rice, corn, coconut,
vegetables and fruits like calamansi,
banana, rambutan, marang or uloy,
lanzones and durian. For that, Oriental
Mindoro is also known as the Rice
Granary and Fruit Basket of Southern
Tagalog.

● Marinduque - Marinduque, an island in the

center of the country, has vast resources of
 gold containing copper ores.

● Romblon - Romblon is endowed with lush

vegetation and mineral resources. Aside
from marble, the islands are rich in granite,
nickel, silica, mercury, zinc, copper, silver,
limestone, sulfide, ores, kaolin, clay,
magnesium, and quartz.

● Palawan - Palawan is also the country's top

seaweed producer. Mining is one of
Palawan's top industries, with its biggest
mineral resource being nickel. The
second-largest nickel mine in the
Philippines is in Palawan. Other minerals,
like gold, silver, manganese, granite, and
marble, may also be found in its
mountains.

Natural Resources of Southern Luzon

Southern Luzon boasts abundant natural

resources, including fertile agricultural land,
geothermal energy potential, coastal resources,
and diverse flora and fauna. These resources
contribute to the region's economic growth and
attractiveness for tourism and conservation efforts.

The Visayan Island ● Geography

https://www.scrib
- the Visayan group consists of seven large d.com/presentatio
and several hundred smaller islands n/673108245/Regi
clustered around the Visayan, Samar, and onalization-and-
Camotes seas Resources
- it consists of three regions:
https://en.wikipe
1. Western Visayas (Region VI) dia.org/wiki/Visa
2. Central Visayas (Region VII) yas
3. Eastern Visayas (Region VIII)
https://en.wikipe
● Western Visayas (Region VI) dia.org/wiki/West
ern_Visayas
Geography
https://www.slide
- composed of 6 provinces and 2 highly share.net/FritzJo
urbanized cities (Bacolod & Iloilo) hnSaloma/region-
- the most populous region (7,536,383) 6western-visayas
- it was established in 1972 as part of The
Integrated Reorganization Plan by Former https://www.dti.g
President Ferdinand Marcos ov.ph/regions/regi
- Palawan was initially transferred to on-6/profile/
Western Visayas in 2005 but is currently
part of Region IV-B https://www.dti.g
ov.ph/regions/regi
Provinces on-7/profile/#:~:t
ext=PROFILE%
1. Aklan 20OF%20REGI
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- Kalibo (capital) he%20country's
- Queen of the Philippine Fabrics %20land%20are
- Rambutan Center of Asia a
- the oldest province in the Philippines
(organized in 1213) https://www.cour
- originally known as “Minuro It Akean” sehero.com/file/1
20978493/Present
2. Antique aion-in-geodocx/

- San Jose de Buenavista (capital) https://blgf.gov.p

- First Malay Settlement in the Philippines h/regional-offices
- Marble Central of Panay /region-7-2/#:~:te
- located in the Western Portion of Panay xt=The%20prim
Island and borders Aklan, Capiz and Iloilo ary%20crops%2
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- Roxas (capital) https://en.wikipe

- the province is known as the Seafood dia.org/wiki/Cent
Capital of the Philippines ral_Visayas
- the birthplace of Former President Manuel
https://www.dti.g
Roxas
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Panay Island ext=PROFILE%
- bordering Aklan and Antique to the west 20OF%20REGI
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- The Mango Country https://en.wikipe
- located in the Panay Gulf, between the dia.org/wiki/East
islands of Panay and Negros ern_Visayas
- youngest and smallest province of Region
VI https://www.scrib
5. Iloilo d.com/presentatio
n/421252283/RE
- Iloilo City (capital) GION-8
- The Food Basket & Rice Granary of
Western Visayas https://www.slide
- widely known for its beautiful old world share.net/onganm
architecture ico/region-8-easte
- southern shores of Panay Island, facing rn-visayas-54871
Iloilo strait and Guimaras Island 214

6. Negros Occidental https://www.slide

share.net/Emman
- Bacolod (capital) uelNadela/welco
- Sugar Bowl of the Philippines me-to-region-viii
- rich in structures and buildings that are
remnants of a once affluent lifestyle https://www.scrib
- it occupies the northwestern half of Negros d.com/presentatio
Island; Negros Oriental is at the n/673108245/Regi
southeastern half onalization-and-
Resources
Sectors & Natural Resources

1. loom weaving, include plain woven

piña/piña seda cloths, abaca & raffia
cloths, hand & machine embroidered
cloths (Aklan)
2. muscovado sugar, 144 firms comprise the
sector, focus is on the 9 major players,
Production capacity of the industry:
39,000 piculs per year (Antique)
3. horticulture, major products include cut
foliages , orchids, bromeliads, palms,
 flowering trees/shrubs, pot plants, fruit tree
seedlings, floral arrangement, landscaping,
plant renting. 156 growers comprise the
sector (50% are commercial growers, 40%
backyard, 10% hobbyists), focus is on the
20 major players (Capiz)
4. lime, 4 factories are producing, 1 is a
cooperative. mangoes, popular varieties
are pico and carabao (Guimaras)
5. bamboos, 10 major players comprise the
sector, with 5 subcontractors and other
municipal-based firms (Iloilo)
6. giftware & holiday decor, 32 major
players with 1,500 skilled production
workers and 3,000 subcontractors. food
processing, flour-based products and
resource-based products (Negros
Occidental)
● Central Visayas (Region VII)

Geography

- it encompasses 4 provinces and 3 highly

urbanized cities (Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu, &
Mandaue)
- the second smallest region in the
Philippines with a total land area of 14,923
square kilometers
- lies at the center of the Philippine
archipelago between the major islands of
Luzon and Mindanao
- among the most developed and the fourth
largest regional economy in the country

Provinces

1. Cebu
- the center of economic activities in the
Visayas areas
- the second largest central urban economic
center in the country
- offers a wide range of world class
 amenities, such as luxury hotels, beach
resorts, first class restaurants and golf
courses
2. Bohol
- the 10th largest island in the country
- is taking-off to become the region’s prime
eco-cultural tourist destination and agro-
industrial center
- The city of Tagbilaran is the main business
capital and center of governance aside
from being the center of education and
transportation
3. Negros Oriental
- the terrain consists of rolling hills, a few
plateaus, and mountain ranges
- Dumaguete City is the provincial capital
and seat of government
- It is also the most populous city, despite
having the smallest land area
4. Siquijor
- trade development is distinctly dominated
by small and micro-traders, trading
constitutes the backbone of its commercial
activities
- has a land area of 90.70 square kilometers
or 35.02 square miles which constitutes
26.87% of Siquijor’s total area. Siquijor
has 42 barangays

Sectors & Natural Resources

1. copper and dolomite mining, industrial

parts assembly, food processing,
footwear, handicraft, rattancraft,
woodcraft, metalcraft, garments, shellcraft;
ceramics, basketware, rattan and wicker
furniture, cement, costume jewelry,
giftware, fertilizer, stonecraft, . bone
fishing is now of the new fly-fishing
adventures that draw thousands each year
(Cebu)
2. essentially an agricultural province. Its
main products are rice, coconut, and corn
(Bohol)
3. the primary crops are sugarcane, corn,
coconut and rice. People are also involved
in cattle ranches, fish ponds and logging.
There are also mineral deposits like gold,
silver and copper (Negros Oriental)
4. woodcraft & furniture making, basket
making, farming and fishing are the main
means of livelihood (Siquijor)

● Eastern Visayas (Region VIII)

Geography

- comprising three main islands: Samar,

Leyte, and Biliran
- It is the third most populous region in the
Visayas, with a population of 4,440,150 as
of 2015
- the region's landmark is the San Juanico
Bridge, which connects Samar and Leyte
- located in the east central section of the
Philippine archipelago, bordered by the
Philippine Sea and other bodies of water

Provinces

1. Eastern Samar
- The Land of Good Harbors
- was the first area of the Philippines sighted
by Magellan on March 18, 1521
- its capital is the city of Borongan
- known for river trips and white water
rafting in Borongan and Guiuan, and
diving in Divinuvo Island
2. Leyte
- the historical name of the Philippines, "Las
Islas Felipenas", used to refer to the
islands of Leyte and Samar only
- the province is the site of the largest
 geothermal plant in Asia, making it one of
the resource-rich provinces of the
Philippines
- its capital is the city of Tacloban
3. Biliran
- one of the country's smallest and newest
provinces
- Guinness Book of World Records listed
Biliran as the source of the world's
sweetest water
- its capital is the municipality of Naval on
the western coast of the island
4. Southern Leyte
- comprised the third congressional district
Leyte untilit was made into an independent
province in 1959
- includes Limasawa, an island to the south
where the first Roman Catholic Mass in
Philippines was held
- its capital is the Maasin City
5. Samar
- also known as Western Samar
- Catbalogan City, is the capital of the
province
- has plenty of exotic plants, natural and
historical sites
- connected to the island of Leyte via the
San Juanico Bridge
6. Northern Samar
- Hidden Paradise of Visayas
- there are a lot of historical landmarks
- the most known natural site is Biri, which
has been carved by the sea and wind
- its capital is Catarman

Sectors & Natural Resources

1. there are substantial forest reserves in the

interiors. its mineral deposits include
chromite, uranium, gold, silver,
 manganese. known for its rich marine
resources, the OTOP is seaweeds (Eastern
Samar)
2. it is processed mango. this offers
processing and production up to 24,000
kegs'. dried mango and 9,000 gallons of
juice (Leyte)
3. It has abundant geothermal energy and
water resources to support the needs of
medium and heavy industries. it also
focuses on processed coco-based product
(Biliran)
4. processed food is the Provincial OTOP,
while Biliran province focus on processed
coco-based products (Southern Leyte)
5. the region's sea and inland waters are rich
sources of salt and fresh water fish and
other marine products. It is one of the fish
exporting regions of the country. the
OTOP is mussel. this has been a major
employment generating product because
aside from the meat which is processed
into tahong cups, tahong adobo in bottles,
its shell can be made into beautiful decors
(Samar)
6. it is mariculture products for the
Province of Northern Samar (Northern
Samar)

Mindanao Mindanao, island, the second largest (after ● https://ww

Luzon) in the Philippines, in the southern part of w.philatlas
the archipelago, surrounded by the Bohol, .com/mind
Philippine, Celebes, and Sulu seas. anao.html
● https://ww
REGIONS IN MINDANAO w.philatlas
.com/mind
● REGION XI- is an administrative region anao/r09.h
in the Philippines occupying the western tml
section of Mindanao. It covers 3 ● https://ww
provinces, namely, Zamboanga del Norte, w.philatlas
Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga .com/mind
 Sibugay, as well as 1 highly urbanized city anao/r10.h
(Zamboanga City) and the component city tml
of Isabela. The regional center is the City ● https://ww
of Pagadian. w.philatlas
.com/mind
● REGION X- is an administrative region in anao/r11.h
the Philippines occupying the tml
northern-central section of Mindanao. It ● https://ww
covers 5 provinces, namely, Bukidnon, w.philatlas
Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis .com/mind
Occidental, and Misamis Oriental, as well anao/r12.h
as 2 highly urbanized cities. The regional tml
center is the City of Cagayan de Oro. ● https://ww
w.philatlas
● REGION XI- is an administrative region .com/mind
in the Philippines occupying the anao/cara
southeastern section of Mindanao. It ga.html
covers 5 provinces, namely, Davao de Oro ● https://ww
(Compostela Valley), Davao del Norte, w.philatlas
Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, and .com/mind
Davao Oriental, as well as 1 highly anao/bar
urbanized city. The regional center is the mm.html
City of Davao. ● https://isla
ndstudies.
● REGION XII- is an administrative region com/files/2
in the Philippines occupying the 016/11/Mi
southern-central section of Mindanao. It ndanao.pd
covers 4 provinces, namely, Cotabato, f
Sarangani, South Cotabato, and Sultan ●
Kudarat, as well as 1 highly urbanized city
(General Santos) and the independent
component city of Cotabato. The regional
center is the City of Koronadal.

● REGION XIII- is an administrative

region in the Philippines occupying the
northeastern section of Mindanao. It
covers 5 provinces, namely, Agusan del
Norte, Agusan del Sur, Dinagat Islands,
Surigao del Norte, and Surigao del Sur, as
well as 1 highly urbanized city. The
regional center is the City of Butuan.

● Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in

Muslim Mindanao (BARMM).
-is an administrative region in the
 Philippines grouped under the Mindanao
island group. It covers 5 provinces,
namely, Basilan, Lanao del Sur,
Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi‑Tawi. The
regional center is the City of Cotabato.

NATURAL RESOURCES IN MINDANAO

● Mindanao is endowed with rich mineral
resources. Its metallic deposits include
lead, zinc, ore, iron, copper, chromite,
magnetite and gold. Gold mined in
● Mindanao accounts for nearly half of the
national gold reserves. Its non-metallic
mineral resources include marble, salt,
sand, gravel, silica, clay, and limestone.

Sulu Island SULU ISLANDS https://academic-

accelerator.com/e
The Sulu Islands are a region of the Philippines, ncyclopedia/sulu-
an island chain that stretches from near archipelago
Zamboanga City, at the southwestern tip of
Mindanao, almost to the Malaysian province of
Sabah, at the eastern end of Borneo. https://www.scrib
d.com/presentatio
HISTORY OF SULU ARCHIPELAGO n/673108245/Regi
onalization-and-
The Sulu Archipelago was once part of the Resources
Majapahit Empire and is mentioned under the
name 'Solot' in the Old Java eulogy of https://motc.bang
Nagarakuretagama. It then became part of the samoro.gov.ph/70
Brunei Empire and achieved independence in 6-2/
1578. Many Tausugu and other indigenous
Muslims in the Sulu Islands were already in
contact with, and even intermarried with, the
Kapampangan and Tagalog Muslims, known as
the Luzonens, based in Brunei. The area then
became part of the independent Sultanate founded
in 1405. Later, when the Spaniards began to
impose control of the Spanish East Indies on the
Sulu Islands, the arrival of the Western powers
turned them into conflict. Military expeditions
against the Spanish Sultanate began for centuries
during the colonial period of the Philippines
(1565-1946). Moro Rebellion (1899-1913) The
independence movement continued the Muslim
Moro conflict against the US occupation of the
archipelago and Moro areas of the southwestern
Philippines.

REGIONALIZATION

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

The autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao was
an autonomous region in the Philippines
consisting of five predominantly Muslim
provinces: Basilan, Lanao Del Sur, Maguindanao,
Sulu, and Tawi-tawi. It had its own government
with cotabato city as its de facto seat, although the
city was outside its jurisdiction. The region was
established in 1989 and expanded in 2001.

In 2021, the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL) was

signed, paving the way for the establishment of
the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM). The ARMM was
disestablished and the BARMM replaced it upon
the constitution of the Bangsamoro Transition
Authority. The plebiscite help in January 2019
ratified the law.

The region has long history of Muslim Presence,

with the Sultanate of Sulu being founded in 1457
and the Sultanates of Maguindanao and Buayan
established later.

These sultanates resisted Spanish colonization and

maintained their independence until the
Spanish-American War. The Moro Muslims also
resisted Japanese occupation during World War II.

Overall, ARMM was an autonomous region in the

Philippines with a predominantly Muslim
Population, and it has now been replaced by the
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM) through the enactment of
the Bangsamoro Organic Law.
The Sulu Archipelago islands are within the
Mindanao island group, consisting of the
provinces of Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi; hence
the archipelago is sometimes referred to as
Basulta, derived from the first syllables of the
three provinces.

RESOURCES

BASILAN

● Agricultural Land: Basilan has fertile soil

suitable for agriculture. Crops such as
rubber, coconut, rice, corn, and fruits are
cultivated.
● Forests: The island has forested areas that
contribute to biodiversity and serve as a
source of timber and non-timber forest
products.
● Marine Resources: The waters surrounding
Basilan are rich in marine life, providing a
source of fish, crustaceans, and other
seafood products.
● Minerals: While not extensively explored,
Basilan may have mineral deposits that
could contribute to its economic
development.

Agriculture is the main source of economic

livelihood
● coconut (copra)
● rubber coffee
● black pepper
● African Palm Oil
● Palay
● Corn
● Cacao
● Cassava

SULU

● The islands are thickly forested, and their

fertile soils support some rice, cassava,
 coconuts, and fruit.
● Marine-based activities, however, are the
economic mainstay.
● Farming
● Fishing

● Agricultural Land: Sulu has fertile soil

suitable for agriculture. Crops such as rice,
corn, cassava, and various fruits are
cultivated.
● Marine Resources: The province is
surrounded by the Sulu Sea, offering
abundant marine resources, including fish,
shellfish, and seaweed.
● Forests: Forested areas contribute to
biodiversity and may serve as a source of
timber and non-timber forest products.
● Minerals: While not extensively explored,
Sulu may have mineral deposits that could
potentially contribute to its economy.

TAWI-TAWI

● Agriculture
● fishing
● agar-agar (seaweeds) farming are the
leading source of livelihood of the people
of Tawi-Tawi, with quite a number
engaged in the barter trade business.
● Copra is the top agricultural product,
followed by root crops, fruits, and
vegetables.

● Agricultural Land: Tawi-Tawi has fertile

soil suitable for agriculture. Crops such as
rice, corn, cassava, and fruits are
cultivated.
● Marine Resources: The province is
surrounded by the Sulu Sea and the
Celebes Sea, offering abundant marine
resources, including fish, shellfish, and
seaweed.
● Coral Reefs: Tawi-Tawi is known for its
diverse coral reefs, supporting marine
biodiversity and providing opportunities
for ecotourism.
● Minerals: While not extensively explored,
Tawi-Tawi may have mineral deposits,
contributing to the province's economic
potential.