The Art of Caring in

Technology-Laden
Environments
Objectives:
1. Explore caring theories as they apply to nursing.
2. Aknowledge the potential disruption of technology to the
therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
3. Define “caring presence” and suggest strategies to enhance “caring
presence”.
Nursing is Hardwork

Perform several caring

functions simultaneously
Collecting data, Changing dressing,
Visible
Administering medications, Patient interaction,
etc.

Interpreting data, generating knowledge about

Invisibl
client condition, using knowledge to inform
e
practice
We pause and reflect on the Art of Caring

We emphasize the need to preserve the

central and unique function of nursing

Suggest ways that nurse can ensure that caring

functions do not become a lost art

Nursing as:
An Art
A Science
 Through liberal arts, nurses learn to analyze, problem-
solve, critically think and communicate

Knowledge is brought forward through

anatomy and physiology, chemistry,
microbiology, psychology and sociology

Application of theories to practice

NURSING as a SCIENCE
Nurses base their practice on evidence

Diverse Roles:
Direct Care Provider
Researchers
Administrators
Educators

NURSING as a SCIENCE
 Nursing Science is the ethical application of
knowledge aquired through reseach, education and
practice

Provide services and interventions to patients to

maintain, enhance and restore health

NURSING as a SCIENCE
 Smart pumps
Caring Functions

Therapeutic communcitaion
Bar-codes medication
administration system

Listening
NURSING as a SCIENCE
EHR

Touch and Mindfulness

Smartphones

Integral Parts
Increase efficacy, promote safety and streamline work
How can we continue to care effectively for our patients
and promote a healing environment while incorporating
the advantages of technology?

To what extent do these technologies disrupt the

nurse-patient caring encounter?
 Nurses care for the whole person-
physically, mentally, emotionally and
spiritually

Relationship-centered and invloves sensitively

adapting care to MEET THE NEEDS of an
individual

Expert use and adaptation of empirical and

metaphysical knowledge and values

NURSING as an ART
World-view of Nursing pratice as:

Calling
Caring
Compassion
Service to Mankind
Culturally Sensitive
• Carative Factors
• Transpersonal Caring
Relationship
• Caring Moment/Caring Occasion

Caring Consiousness as “energy within human-

environmental field of a caring moment”

Caring as “healing consiousness and intentionality

to care and promote healing”

Theory of Human Caring

 Clincal Carital and
Carative Processes

“to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention, if not loving”

Carative Caritas
Carative Factors: Served as a
Clinical Caritas: Translation of
guide pointing to aspects that
carative factors into clinical
potentiate the therapeutic
processes
healing process
 ASSUMPTIONS

1. There is a moral commitment, intention and caritas consciousness, which is

needed to protect human dignity and healing.
2. The nurse must have the skill to accurately discover and bond with the inner
spirit of another human being.
3. The nurse must have the ability to comprehend another’s condition as a being in
the world and feel a bond within them.
4. Caring-healing modalities augment harmony, unity and well-being, promoting
inner healing.
5. The nurse’s past history, experiences and circumstances are valuable teachers for
his/her work
 Carative Caritas
1. Formation of humanistic-altruistic system of "Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity within
values, context of caring consciousness"

"Being authentically present, and enabling and

2. Instillation of faith-hope sustaining the deep belief system and subjective
life world of self and one-being-cared- for"

3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to "Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and
others transpersonal self, going beyond ego self"

4. Development of a helping-trusting, human "Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting,

caring relationship, becomes authentic caring relationship"

"Being present to, and supportive of the expression

5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection
of positive and negative feelings with deeper spirit of self and the one-being-
cared-for";
 Carative Caritas
6. Systematic use of a creative problem- "creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part
solving caring process of the caring process; to engage in artistry of
caring-healing practices"

"Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience

7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning that attends to unity of being and meaning
attempting to stay within other’s frame of
reference"

"Creating healing environment at all levels,

8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or (physical as well as non-physical, subtle
corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment of energy and consciousness,
environment, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity,
and peace are potentiated"

"assisting with basic needs, with an intentional

caring consciousness, administering ‘human
9. Assistance with gratification of human care essentials’, which potentiate alignment of
needs, mindbodyspirit, wholeness, and unity of being
in all aspects of care"; tending to both embodied
spirit and evolving spiritual emergence

"opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, and

10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-
 Carative Caritas

Higher order Intrapersonal-Interpersonal needs Growth-Seeking Needs

Self-Actualization

Higher order Psychosocial needs Integrative Needs

Achievement and Affiliation

Lower order Psychophysical needs

Functional Needs
Activity, inactivity, sexuality

Lower order Biophysical needs Survival Needs

Food, Fluid, Elimination,
Ventilation
 Transpersonal Caring Relationship

1. Transpersonal caring relationships are the foundation of the work

s a concern for the inner life world and subjective meaning of another who is full

3. Goes beyond the ego self and beyond the given moment, reaching to
the deeper connections to spirit and with the broader universe.
Transpersonal caring calls for an authenticity of being and
becoming, an ability to be present to self and other in a reflective
frame;
 Caring Moment

A caring occasion occurs whenever the nurse and another come together
with their unique life histories and phenomenal fields in a human-to-
human transaction.
A caring moment involves an action and choice by both the nurse and the
other.
The moment of coming together presents them with the opportunity to
decide how to be in the moment and in the relationship as where as what
to do with and during the moment.
 Human Care Human Caring
Possible Outcomes
Processes Transactions

Carative Actual Caring Transcendence

Factors Occasion
+
+ +
Moral Ideals Intersubjeective Harmony
Caring Occasion
+
+
Intersubjectiv +
e Ideals Transpersonal Healing
Caring Moment

Journey from Carative to Caritas

 We are asked by these questions!

How was our PRESENCE during our client interaction?

Were we KEEN on the individuals uniqueness?

LISTENING BARRIER

INTERACTION ASSESSMENT REPRESENTATION

ATTENTION TECHNOLOGY

nical bedside has the power to become the strongest reference point to inform, di
Presence

*The act of being there and being with our patients— Fully
focusing on ttheir needs

*Presence is an interpersonal rocess that is characterized by

sensitivity, holism, intimacy, vulnerabilty and adaptation to
unique circumstances

Physical Presence
Full Presence
Transcendent Presence
Physical Presence

*Competent in:
-carrying out care
-efficient with interventions
-BUT, inattentive to communication and non-verbal cues
Projected by the patient anf family.
Full Presence

*The nurse will:

-greet the patient by name,
-communicate appropriately
-pay attention to what is being said and not siad

Transcendent Presence

*The nurse first center themselves, clearing their mind of all

potential distractions, and use the patient’s name and gentle
touch to convey interest and responsiveness.
How can Caring
Presence be enhanced?

1. Take care of oneself

*Balance Diet
*Exercise
*Enough sleep
*Manage stress
*Adequate social suppo
Strategies enhancing presence

2. Centering
*Being available with the whole self and be open to personal
and care needs of the patient.

-Take a few deep breaths to calm oneself

-Clear the clutter from the mind before addressing each patient
-silently repeating the patient’s name once or twice before
entering the room.
Strategies enhancing presence

3. Bracketing
*Removing expectations and preconceved thoughts.
*Prepares the inquirer to enter the uncharted world without
prejudice
*These expectations may not allow the nurse to really see the
whole patient.
-
-Come to know the patient intuitively and scientifically
Strategies enhancing presence

4. Active Listening
*make eye contact
*touch gently (If culurally appropriate)
*listen attentively
*nod appropriately
*restate and clarify, ask questions, etc.
-
-Come to know the patient intuitively and scientifically