Urban and Regional Planning

Unit 1

Why does one need to study it ?

Delineation of planning regions
The criteria can be unemployment rates, activity rate, migration
trends, per capita income etc.

The characteristics should differ significantly from units outside the

region.

Two techniques for delineation of formal regions.

Concept of Master Plan
The need of having a mechanism or a way to regulate this growth was felt and thus methods
were devised to regulate or “shape” this growth. Having master plan is one of such attempt. 
 Process of Master Plan

Management process Technical process

Legal process Public process

Weakness of Master Plan

Master Plan is a future plan document which uses the present data or
maybe past data for future projections. So, it is outdated by the time it gets
implemented;

Usually no physical surveys are conducted each time a master plan is

made;

It is a rigid document.; Lack of implementation on time; Lack of actual

public participation; Often the coordination between various agencies is
missing which leads to poor implementation of the policies.
Khorog City Master plan
Exchange Greengate, Salford - Master plan
Aranya Housing, Indore – Master plan
 Concept of City Development Plan

Working On Strategies: Develops one or more strategies guided by goals and

objectives in consultation with various stakeholders.
A City Investment Plan: (CIP) provides an estimate of the level of investment
that will be needed to implement the CDP.
A City Development Plan (CDP) is both a perspective and a vision for the future
development of a city. It presents the current stage of the city’s development
– where are we now? It sets out the directions of change – where do we want
to go? It identifies the thrust areas — what do we need to address on a
priority basis It also suggests alternative routes, strategies, and interventions
for bringing about the change – what interventions do we make in order to
attain the vision?

City Development Plan (CDP) is anchored in the Jawaharlal Nehru National

Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) with a focus on creating economically
productive, efficient equitable and responsive cities.
Some aspects which even though are emphasized in the master plan but
always are down played. CDP highlights like preparation of financial profile
of a city, investment plan and strategy plan and infrastructure profile in
preparation of CDP, which will go a long way in realizing harmonious and
sustainable development of towns and cities. In India, the projects envisaged
under the first major urban renewal program (JNNURM) is implemented
through CDP, which are essentially city level capital investment plans,
prepared largely independently of the city’s Master Plan. This is because
the city master plans do not have any financial plan attached to them and have
very poor reflection of socio-economic concerns.
Master Plan is a tool to work out land and infrastructure requirements for various
urban and rural uses and it promotes growth and regulates future development for a
perspective year of 20 – 25 years. It is based on the concept of multidimensionality
and comprehensive nature. The plan making process follows a systems view of
planning involving instrumental rationality.  Although master Plan is an important
legal document, it has many weaknesses like being rigid which call for alternatives
to Master Plan.  City Development Plan is also a vision document but is more
focussed on the financing and project implementation work with a perspective of 5
years.  Although CDP has many plus points, there are debates on CDP that it is
often taken as a synonym of master plan with no statutory backing. Many a times it
is made by people other than planners and works in isolation to Master Plan. There
is a need to synchronise the implementation of CDP and Master Plan and and can be
made as a single plan identifying financial proposals. Better synchronization
between CDP and Master Plan is essential for an efficient planning. CDP shoulder
in tune with the Master Plan policies. Bringing the CDPs prepared under the
JNNURM into the planning framework suggested by the UDPFI Guidelines. Master
plan can itself identify the project and priorities and also provides financial
proposals so that it becomes important to prepare a master plan.