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DNA Replication - NR - 2011
DNA Replication - NR - 2011
j
DNA & Histone
Mitosis (M) synthesis
S phase
takes place
only after DNA G1
synthesis (S). phase
Two gaps (G1
and G2) in
G2
time separate phase
the two M
phase
processes.
DNA Replication
???????????
DNA Replication
Duplication of DNA
Result: Leading strand (forward strand) (continuous) Moves towards the replication fork
Lagging strand (retrograde strand) (discontinuous) Moves away from the fork
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
DNA Polymerases
Polymerises deoxyribonucleotides
Synthesis DNA in the 5¶ 3¶
(No polymerase in 3¶ 5¶)
Template-directed enzymes
Needs RNA primer
Different types of DNA polymerases
Share important 3 properties
1. Chain Elongation
2. Processivity (an expression of the # of nucleotide added to the
nascent chain before the polymerase disengages
from the template)
2 identical ȕ subunit of Pol III forms a ³clamp "around the
template
3. Proof Reading (Identifies copying errors and corrects them)
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
Functions of DNA polymerases
DNA polymerases of E. coli
Initiation
Elongation
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
jONGATION
The progression of fork requires continuous unwinding of DNA
³DNA Topoisomerase´
?????????
Prokaryotic DNA Replication
TjINATION
1. Removal of primers: Pol I (5¶ 3¶ exonuclease activity)
2. Replacement of them by DNA: Pol I (5¶ 3¶ polymerase activity)
3. Proof Reading: Pol I (3¶ 5¶ exonuclease activity)
4. Ligation: DNA Ligase
Solution????
Eukaryotic DNA Replication
1. Bidirectional
2. Multiple origins in each chromosome
Į Contains -
primase;initiates
primase ;initiates
replication
ȕ Repair -
Ȗ Replicates +
mitochondrial DNA
į Elongates +
İ Repair +
Eukaryotic DNA Replication
DNA polymerase Į = RNA polymerase (primase)!!!!!!!!
+
DNA polymerase
Ageing!!!!!!! (
5¶ 3¶
3¶ 5¶
5¶ 3¶
3¶ 5¶
Next replication
5¶ 3¶
3¶ 5¶
Eukaryotic DNA Replication