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 Electromagnetics
Waves

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Maxwells Equation in Different forms

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Applications with example

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 Electromagnetic Wave

Electromagnetic Waves or EM waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between a
Electric and magnetic field.

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Spectrum and its significance

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Spectrum and its significance

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Basic Wave Motion

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Wave Propagation in Lossy Dielectrics

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Helmholtz’s Equations

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Sinusoidal Solutions of Electromagnetic Wave Equation

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Loss tangent

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PLANE WAVES IN FREE SPACE

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TEM Wave

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PLANE WAVES IN LOSSLESS DIELECTRICS

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PLANE WAVES IN GOOD CONDUCTORS

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Skin Depth

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 POWER AND THE POYNTING VECTOR

Energy can be transported from one point (where a transmitter is located) to another point (with a
receiver) by means of EM waves.
The rate of such energy transportation can be obtained from Maxwell's equations

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 Poynting Vector
Poynting's theorem stales that the net power flowing out of a given volume v is equal to the
time rate of decrease in the energy stored within v minus the conduction losses.

the time rate of change of electromagnetic energy within V plus the net energy flowing out of V
through S per unit time is equal to the negative of the total work done on the charges within V.

Power is normal to both E and H and is therefore along the direction of wave propagation a for
s k

uniform plane waves.

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SUBSTRATES

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 Thankv You

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