Good

Mornin
g!
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 Chapter 2
Situating ESP in
the world at
large
Do you think English is
an important language
throughout the world?

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 The growth of
English as a world-
wide lingua franca
• English is the most
used language in the
world.
 Almost 1.5
billion users of
English
(Statista, 2017)
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• English is the one
true global lingua
franca in the world
today
(Nickerson,2013).
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 Main reasons
why English is
the global lingua
franca
1. Strong
connection
with growth
in trade and
commerce.
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• rebuilding effort
• business opportunities
• New technical manuals,
reports and research
journals are published.
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2. Growth
of computer
industry

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• Creation and use of
computers was carried
out in the USA
(Cromer, 1992).
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• New programming
languages
• Standards written in
English
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• Primary language for
radio communications
• Aviation
• Internet
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Today
the position of
English as global
lingua franca is
largely uncon-tested.
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 In the mid-1990s,
English is described as
the main language of
the following(Graddol,
1997, p.181):
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• Books
• Newspapers
• Airports and
Airtraffic control
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• International business
and academic
conferences
• Science
• Technology
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• Diplomacy
• Sports
• Intl. competitions
• Pop music
• Advertising
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 Esp in today’s
globalized economy

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• English has become
one of the key factors
in the global success
of a company.

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• Friedman (2005)
described ten
‘flatteners’ that led to
a leveling of the
global industry.
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• The rise of personal
computers.
• Development of
better 23

communications-
protocols.
• The growth of the
Internet.
• The increased ability.

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• Use of online
collaborative projects.
• The growth of
insourcing,
outsourcing, and -
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• offshoring businesses.
• The growth of search
engines.
• Wireless technologies

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• Mobile devices

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• Some of the major
companies in non-
English speaking
countries namely:
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• Japan,
Korea, and China.

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• In Japan,the car
manufacturer Nissan
has used English as
its official company
language since 1999.
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• The trend to recruit
global talent has been
accelerating rapidly
in Korea and China.

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• Samsung ,the largest
electronics
manufacturer in
Korea.

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• Two of the biggest
company in China ,
Haier and China
National Petroleum
Corporation (CNPC)
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• English has become
the lingua franca of
the workplace.

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• The Situation in
Europe is more
complicated.

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• The European Union
has operated using 24
official
languages,with
English,French ,and-
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• German serving as
‘core’ languages.

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• The best example of
an industry in which
English plays a
central role is the
call- center industry.
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• Tourism Industry

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• The EOP branch of
ESP plays a very
important role in
society of many
countries.
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• And has led to many
people seeking to
develop strong EOP
skills before or after
they start work.
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ESP in today’s
globalized world of
academia
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• Friedman’s ten
flatteners have had a
profound effect on
academia across the
world,and again ,-
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• this has led to a rapid
growth in the
importance of EAP.

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• Since Early
2000s,universities
across the world have
had to come to terms
with a smaller body-
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• of local students and
an ever-increasing
population of
overseas students.
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• UK and USA are the
first countries that
traditionally attracted
of overseas students.
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• In 2014-69% of the
global population of
students studying for
Masters in Marketing
and communications-
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 degrees.
• 82% Master of
Finance degrees.
(Estrada @
Bruggeman,2014)
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• In Continental Europe
6500 university
Masters programs
were taught in english
in 2013.
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• In Latin America and
Africa,an increasing
number of
universities are also
introducing English-
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cources and programs.
-The goal is to
improve the job
opportunities of their
graduates.
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• In Asia ,Hongkong is
rapidly the main hub
for regional English-
based education
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• Korean Advanced
Institute of Science
and Technology
(KAIST)
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• In Japan,the Ministry
of Education,Culture,
Sports ,Science and
Technology(MEXT)
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• Globalization has also
hadan impact on
academia from the
point of view of
research.
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• The Growing impact
of English in the
world of academia
cannot be overstated.
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• As a Final example of
the impact of English
academia ,the
discovery of the Higgs
boson.July 4, 2014
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• The Higgs boson is a
high energy particle
that was predicted by
Peter Higgs ,and
others in 1964 and -
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formed the central tenet
of the standard model.
-a theory that explained
electromagnetic,weak,an
d strong forces in nature.
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Positioning
of ESP in
occupational
and
academic
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Positioning of ESP in
occupational settings

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• Most companies will
offer their workers
training.

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• As part of this training,
workers may receive a
few tens of hours of
language skills
instruction.
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• ESP course and
program in workplace
setting are often run by
in-house training
centers.
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• These might be small-
scale or large-scale units
organized by individual
sites.

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• The complex task of
designing,
implementing, and
evaluating an ESP
course or program.
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• Each person making a
contribution based on
their own area of ESP
expertise.

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• If a company does not
have the resources to
run a training center.

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Positioning
of ESP in
academic
settings
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 ESP courses and
program in academia
are usually positioned
in one of three
locations
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 •English Department.
•Independent
Support Centers.
•Specialist Department
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Contentious issues in
ESP: is the
globalization of
English a good thing?
Challenges
in the
workplace

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• English has become
the leading language
of the globalized
work-place.
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• Companies may
choose to cut costs by
hiring overseas
workers.
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• English-only policies in
the workplace can
potentially be
discriminatory against
some worker groups.
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A medical center in the USA settled
a case with the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
after it was found to be using an
English-only policy with Filipino-
American workers, but not Spanish-
speaking workers.79
Challenges
in
academia

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•The globalization of
English in academia has
given rise to many new
learning opportunity for
students around the world.
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• In a non-English
speaking country,
courses taught within
an English-only
framework.
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• Hired native English
instructors or an
English language
training scheme for
local instructors.
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•Adopting English-only
policies in study and
work, there is a high risk
that these more advanced
forms of local language
use will be lost.
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• EPS course planning
and administration, it
is certainly useful to
be aware of there
important issues.
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 Thank You!
Have a nice day

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