Analytical Chemistry

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Standardization
 Standardizing Methods
Single Point Standardization

01

Multiple-point
standarization
02 plot of Sstand versus CS is known as a calibration curve. The exact
standardization, or calibration relationship, is determined
by an appropriate curve-fitting algorithm
 Standardizing Methods
Single Point Standard Addition
03
 Standardizing Methods
Single Point Standard Addition
03
 Standardizing Methods
Multiple Point Standard Addition
04
 Standardizing Methods
Standard Internal
05
A standard, whose identity is different from the analyte’s, that is
added to all samples and standards containing the analyte.

A single standard is
prepared to find K

Once the method is standardized,

the analyte’s concentration is given
by
Electrochemical Meth
ods of Analysis
 Metode Elektrokimia
Potensiometri Voltametri
Hubungan antara Hubungan antara
potensial elektroda muatan dengan
relatif dengan potensial
konsentrasi larutan

Konduktometri
Koulometri
Hubungan antara daya
Hubungan antara hantar listrik dengan
muatan listrik yang konsentrasi larutan
dialirkan dengan jumlah
zat yang bereaksi
 Potensiometri
Penggunaan persamaan Nernst

Titration curve for the titration of 50.0 mL of

0.100 M Fe2+ with 0.100 M Ce4+
 Koulometri
Hukum Faraday
The purity of a sample of Na2S2O3 was determined by a coulometric redox
titration using I– as a mediator, and I3- as the “titrant.” A sample weighing
0.1342 g is transferred to a 100-mL volumetric flask and diluted to volume
with distilled water. A 10.00-mL portion is transferred to an electrochemical
cell along with 25 mL of 1 M KI, 75 mL of a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, and
several drops of a starch indicator solution. Electrolysis at a constant current
of 36.45 mA required 221.8 s to reach the starch indicator end point.
Determine the purity of the sample.
 Voltametri
Aplikasi : Titrasi Amperometri

Titrat dapat direduksi, titran tidak. Titrat tidak dapat direduksi, titran bisa
Contoh : Contoh :
Pb+2 dititrasi oleh oksalat SO42- dititrasi oleh Pb2+
Zn2+ dititrasi oleh EDTA Mg2+ dititrasi oleh 8-hidroksikuinolin
 Voltametri
Aplikasi : Titrasi Amperometri

Titrat dan titran dapat direduksi. Titrat mengalami oksidasi, dan titran
Contoh : mengalami reduksi
Pb+2 dititrasi oleh Cr2O72- Contoh :
I- dititrasi oleh Hg(NO3)2
 Konduktometri
Aplikasi : Penentuan Titik Ekivalen