SOCIO - CULTURAL,

ECONOMIC AND
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF
PERU, VENEZUELA AND
CHILE
JONALOU A. PANGANIBAN
PRESENTER
VENEZUELA

PERU

CHILE
 PERU FAST FACTS
 OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Peru
 FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Republic
 CAPITAL: Lima
 POPULATION: 31,331,228
 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Spanish, Quechua
 MONEY: Nuevo Sol
 AREA: 496,224 square miles
 MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES: Andes
 GEORAPHY OF PERU
 Third largest country in South America.
 It is made up of a variety of landscapes, from
mountain and beaches to deserts and rain forests.
 Ancient people, called the Chimu and the Nasca.
 The world’s largest rain forest, the Amazon, covers
nearly half of Peru.
 The second highest mountain range in the world
runs through Peru called the Andes.
 PEOPLE AND CULTURE
 The people of Peru are a mix of many different
cultures, including Indians, Spaniards and other
Europeans, descendants of African slaves, and Asians.
Until recently, most people lived in the countryside.
But now, more than 70 percent live in cities. Most
Peruvians follow the Catholic religion introduced by
the Spaniards.
 GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY

 Peru is a constitutional republic, with a

president, a congress, and a supreme court.
 Peru is one of the richest countries in the
world in terms of natural resources. Gold,
silver, copper, zinc, lead, and iron are found
across the country.
 GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY

 Peru continues to be one of Latin America’s

best-performing economies, but growth has
lost momentum in recent years, due to both
domestic and external factors, according to
the IMF’s latest annual economic assessment.
 GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY

 Economic performance: Peru has been one

of the fastest-growing economies in the
region,
 Tax system
 Infrastructure gaps
 Agro-exporting boom
 Tackling corruption
 Social protection
 CHILE FAST FACTS
 OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Chile
 FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Republic
 CAPITAL: Santiago
 POPULATION: 17,925,262
 OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Spanish
 MONEY: Chilean Peso
 AREA: 291,932 square miles
 GEORAPHY OF CHILE
 Chile is a long narrow country which extends like a
ribbon down the west coast of America.
 Cape Horn is the southernmost tip of America. In
the past, ships had to round the horn to sail from
Pacific to Atlantic ports and to Europe before the
Panama Canal was built.
 PEOPLE AND CULTURE
Today only 5% of the population is native Mapuche
and other indigenous groups. Nearly 95% of Chileans
have a mixture of native and European roots.
 There are distinct differences in the pattern of daily
life for Peruvians, depending on their social class and
whether they live in rural or urban settings. Most
people who live in rural areas are very dependent on
the agricultural cycle.
 PEOPLE AND CULTURE
Chile exhibits many of the traits that typically
characterize Latin American countries. It was colonized
by Spain, and the culture that evolved was largely
Spanish. However, appreciation for the influence of
indigenous culture has been growing. The people
became largely mestizo, a blend of Spanish and Indian
bloodlines. The society developed with a small elite
controlling most of the land, the wealth, and the
political life.
 GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY
 The country is governed by an elected president,
who is both the chief of state and head of
government.
 The country is one of the largest exporters of
grapes.
 The economy of Chile is based on primary
economic activities: agricultural production;
copper, iron, and nitrate mining; and the
exploitation of sea resources.
 GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY
 Chile has a mixed economy, which means that it is
made up of both private and state-owned
corporations. The privately-owned businesses are
regulated by limited government policies. The
economy of Chile is one of the most secure and
productive in South America.
 VENEZUELA FAST FACTS
 OFFICIAL NAME: Republica Bolivariana de
Venezuela
 FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Federal Multiparty
republic with a unicameral legislature
 CAPITAL: Caracas
 POPULATION: 32,946,000 (2020 est.)
 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Spanish
 MONEY: Venezuelan Bolivar
 AREA: 353,841 square miles
 Venezuela, country located at the northern end of South
America. It occupies a roughly triangular area that is larger
than the combined areas of France and Germany.
 Venezuela is bounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic
Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south,
and Colombia to the southwest and west.
 The national capital, Caracas, is Venezuela’s primary centre of
industry, commerce, education, and tourism.
 4 distinct geographical regions
 Venezuelan Highlands - are the mountains that border the
Caribbean Sea. This range is the northeastern most extension
of the Andes Mountain chain.
 Maracaibo lowlands – are surrounded by mountains on three
sides and are quite flat. Lake Maracaibo dominates the area
which is known for its oil fields.
 Orinoco plains – commonly known as Los Ilanos, are lowlands
with elevations that never exceed 200 m (656 ft).
 Guiana region – consists of plateaus, makes up over half of
the country.
 The Venezuelan landscape includes towering mountains, tropical jungles,
broad river plains, and arid coastal plains, all of which provide a diversity of
natural habitats and a range of challenges to social integration and economic
development.
 The republic’s development pattern has been unique among Latin American
countries in terms of the speed, sequence, and timing of economic and
demographic growth. In the 20th century Venezuela was transformed from a
relatively poor agrarian society to a rapidly urbanizing one, a condition made
possible by exploiting huge petroleum reserves. These changes, however, have
been accompanied by imbalances among the country’s regions and
socioeconomic groups, and Venezuela’s cities have swelled because of a
massive and largely uncontrolled migration from rural areas, as well as mass
immigration, much of it illegal, from Colombia and other neighbours.
 The economy of Venezuela is based largely on the
petroleum and manufacturing sectors
 Venezuela is the sixth largest member of OPEC by
oil production
 Venezuela manufactures and exports heavy industry
products such as steel, aluminum and cement.
Production is concentrated around Ciudad Guayana,
near the Guri Dam, one of the largest dams in the
world and the provider of about three-quarters of
Venezuela's electricity.
Venezuela, like many Latin American countries, has a high
percentage of urban poverty, a massive foreign debt, and
widespread governmental patronage and corruption. Venezuela’s
social and political ills have been compounded by natural disasters
such as the floods that devastated sections of Caracas, La Guaira,
and other coastal areas in late 1999. On the other hand, the
republic since 1958 has been more democratic and politically stable
than most other Latin American nations, and its economic prospects
remain strong, particularly in regard to the petroleum industry.
• Main exports of Venezuela include aluminum, steel, cement,
and agriculture products
• Electronics, chemicals, and food products are the major
imports of Venezuela
• Venezuela’s gas prices are the cheapest in the world because of
their oil reserves
• Venezuela is the eight largest natural gas reserves
 REFERENCE:
• https://
www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/01/14/NA011420-Six-Things-to-Kn
ow-About-Peru-Economy-in-2020
• https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-economy-of-chile.html
• https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2020/02/26/political-economy-of-venezuel
a-and-pdvsa/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Venezuela
• https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru/Daily-life-and-social-customs
• https://www.britannica.com/place/Venezuela
• https://www.britannica.com/place/Chile
• https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/venezuelan-culture
KEEP SAFE
ALWAYS