GEOGRAPHY 2

NORTH AMERICA
Group 7
SALACUP, Veronica
SAN JOSE, Alexis
BALOCO, Christyl Joy
DIONALDO, Shena
GARCIA, Camille

Submitted to: Mrs. Araceli Amoranto

 EL SALVADOR

 Motto: God, Union, Liberty

 Official languages: Spanish

 Capital and largest city: San Salvador

 Population: 6.49 Million

 Currency: United States Dollar (USD) (1=50.60 php)

 Ethnic groups:

 86.3% Mestizo

 2.7% White

 1.23% Indigenous

 0.13% Black

 0.64% Other

 National Bird: Turquoise-browed motmot

 National Flower: Flor de Izote

 National Tree: Maquilishuat (Tabebuia Rosea)

 National Liquor: Tick Tack

 BLUE- Ocean of Central America and Sky

 White- Solidarity and Peace

 Coat of Arms:

 Five members of states of the United Provinces of Central America.

 Above a volcanoes is red Phrygian cap on a staff before a golden sun.

 Religion: Roman Catholicism

 Government: Unitary presidential constitutional republic
 President : Nayib Bukele
 Vice President : Félix Ulloa
 Independence: September 15, 1821
 GDP: 27 USD Billion
ECONOMY
El Salvador’s economy is divided into 11% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 64% service
industry. However, the agriculture industry represents morer than 20% of the labor force and
its main products are coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum, beef, and
dairy products.

GRENADA
 Capital: St. George
 Language: English
 Population: 112, 523
 Currency: Eastern Caribbean dollar (ES$) (1=18.71php)
 Ethnic Groups:
 Afro-Grenadians
 Indo-Grenadians
 Grenadians in the United Kingdom
 Grenadians American
 National Bird: Grenada dove
 National Flower: Bougainvillea
 National Dish: Oil down
 RED- Courage And Vitality

 GOLD- Wisdom and Warmth

 GREEN- Vegetation and Agriculture

 The symbol in the hoist represents a clove of nutmeg, one of the Principal crops of
Grenada. It also represents a link to Grenada’s former name, which was the “Isle of
Spice”.

 Religion: Roman Catholic

 Government: Constitutional monarchy and Parliamentary System

 Head of State: Queen Elizabeth ǁ

 Prime Minister: Keith Claudius Mitchell

 Independence: February 7, 1974

 Grenada’s independence father: Former Prime Minister Sir Eric Mathew Gairy

 GDP in Grenada is expected to reach 1.25 USD Billion by the end of 2020.

 GDP by sector, 11% agriculture, 20% industry, 69% services

 Economy

 The economy of Grenada is a largely- tourism based, small and open economy.
Over the past two decades, the main thrust of Grenada’s economy has shifted from
agriculture to services, with tourism services as the leading foreign currency earning
sector.

 Country’s exported Crops:

 Nutmeg

 Mace

 Cocoa

 Citrus fruits

 Bananas

 Cloves

 Cinnamon

GUATEMALA

 Capital: Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, also known as Guatemala City.

 Motto: "Libre Crezca Fecundo"[1] (Spanish)

 (English: "Grow Free and Fertile")

 Language: Spanish

 Currency: Guatemalan quetzal (1=6.58 php)

 Population: 17.92 million

 Ethnic groups:

 56.01% Ladino

 41.66% Maya

 1.77% Xinca

 0.19% Afro-Guatemalan

 0.13% Garifuna

 0.24% Foreign

 Demonym(s)

 Guatemalan

 Guatemalteco

 Chapín (informal)

 National bird: Quetzal

 National flower: Lycaste Skinneri Alba/ Monja Blanca

 National flag: Pabellon Nacional

 National Tree: Ceiba

 Religion: Roman Catholicism

 Government type: Unitary State, Presidential system, Constitutional republic

• President: Alejandro Giammattei

• Vice President: Guillermo Castillo

 Independence from the Spanish Empire: Declared15 September 1821.

 Dividing Guatemala into three major regions: the highlands, where the mountains are
located; the Pacific coast, south of the mountains and the Petén region, north of the
mountains.
HAITI

Capital and largest city :Port-au-Prince

Motto: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"

Language: French, Haitian Creole

Currency: Haitian gourde (1= 0.54 php)

Population: 11,402,528 people

Ethnic groups:

 95% black

 5% mixed and white

Demonym: Haitian

National bird: Hispaniolan trogon

National flower: Hibiscus

National Tree: Royal palm

The most significant symbolism of the Haitian flag is within its coat of arms which is
centered on the bicolour background. This national symbol also features a royal palm that
represents independence. The cap of Liberty and the motto, ‘Unity makes Strength,’ is also
included in the coat of arms.

BLUE- Haiti’s African residents.

RED- mixed European and African descent.

 Religion: Roman Catholicism

 Government type: Unitary semi-presidential republic

 The government of Haiti is a semi-presidential republic, a multiparty system

wherein the president of Haiti is head of state elected directly by popular
elections held every five years. The prime minister of Haiti acts as head of
government and is appointed by the president, chosen from the majority party in
the National Assembly.

• President: Jovenel Moïse

 • Prime Minister: Joseph Joute

 Independence: January 1, 1804

 Haiti’s Independence father: Jean- Jacques Dessalines

 GDP:

2019- 8.82 USD Billion

2020- 8.71 USD Billion

 The name Haiti (or Hayti) comes from the indigenous Taíno language which was the
native name[note 2] given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, "land of high
mountains.“

 Haiti is the third largest country in the Caribbean.

 Haiti has a rich and unique cultural identity, consisting of a blend of traditional French
and African customs, mixed with sizeable contributions from the Spanish and indigenous
Taíno cultures. Haiti's culture is greatly reflected in its paintings, music, and literature.
Galleries and museums in the United States and France have exhibited the works of the
better-known artists to have come out of Haiti.

HONDURAS
 Capital: Tegucigalpa
 Motto :"Free, Sovereign and Independent"
 Language: Spanish
 Currency: Lempira (HNL) (1HNL=2.03 PHP)
 Population: 2019- 9,746,117/ 2020- 9.90 Million
 Ethnic groups:
 90% Mestizo
 7% Amerindian
  2% Afro-Honduran
 1% White
 National bird: Scarlet Macaw
 National flower: Orchid Rhyncholaelia digbyana
 National Tree: Pinus oocarpa
 The blue stripes- Pacific ocean and Carribean Sea
 The five stars- the five nations of the United States of Central America
 Religion: Roman Catholicism
Government type: Unitary presidential republic
• President: Juan Orlando Hernández
• Vice President: Ricardo Álvarez Arias
 Independence: 15 September 1821
 GDP: 24.90 USD Billion (expected to reach by the end of 2020)
 By nature, the cycle of poverty is difficult to break. But, in particular, rampant violence
and a lack of education in Honduras contribute to poor living condition for many.
 Since 2014, when Honduras boasted the highest murder rate in the world, homicide
rates have been in decline but remain high nonetheless.
 Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinary
unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically
dependent on the export of bananas and coffee.

 The literal meaning of the term "Honduras" is "depths" in Spanish. The name could
either refer to the bay of Trujillo as an anchorage, fondura in the Leonese dialect of
Spanish, or to Columbus's alleged quote that "Gracias a Dios que hemos salido de esas
Honduras" ("Thank God we have departed from those depths")
Jamaica
• From about 800 AD a people called the Arawaks lived in Jamaica.
They were stone age farmers although they also hunted and
fished. The Arawaks grew beans, cassava and maize. They also
grew cotton.
• Capital – Kingston
• Official Language- English
• Religion –
68.9 % Christian
21.3% None
• Currency- Jamaican Dollar
$1 – 0.37 peso
• Government- Unitary Parliamentry Constitutional
Monarchy
Prime Minister - Andre holness
Geography
• Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean,
after Cuba and Hispaniola. It's mostly mountainous, with a narrow,
discontinuous coastal plain.
• The island is ringed by numerous bays, small cays and islands, and
white-sand beaches stretch for miles in some areas.
• Volcanic in origin, Jamaica can be divided into three landform
regions: the eastern mountains, the central valleys and plateaus,
and the coastal plains.
Culture
• Music - Though a small nation, Jamaican culture has a strong global
presence. The musical genres reggae, ska, mento, rocksteady, dub,
and, more recently, dancehall and ragga all originated in the
island's vibrant, popular urban recording industry.
• Cuisine- The island is famous for its Jamaican jerk spice, curries and rice and
peas which is integral to Jamaican cuisine. Jamaica is also home to Red Stripe
beer and Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee.

• Sport - integral part of national life in Jamaica

• Jamaica has produced some of the world's most famous cricketers, including
George Headley, Courtney Walsh, and Michael Holding.
• GDP (PPP)
• 2018 estimate Demography
• • Total
• $26.981 billion[7] (134th)
• • Per capita
• $9,434[7] (109th)
• GDP (nominal)
• 2018 estimate
• • Total
• $15.424 billion[7] (119th)
• • Per capita
• $5,393[7] (95th)
•
• Economy-Jamaica is a mixed economy with both state enterprises and
private sector businesses. Major sectors of the Jamaican economy include
agriculture, mining, manufacturing, tourism, petroleum refining, financial
and insurance services.

Mexico
Brief History

• a country in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more

than three millennia. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, central
and southern Mexico, (termed Mesoamerica), saw the rise and fall of
complex indigenous civilizations. Uniquely in the Western Hemisphere,
Mesoamerican civilizations developed glyphic writing systems, recording the
political history of conquests and rulers.

• Capital – Mexico City

• National Language – Spanish

• Currency – 1 $– 2.51 peso

• Religion – 83% Roman Catholic

• 10% other Christian

• 5% Irreligious

• 0.2% Other Religion

• 3% Unspecified

• Government – Federal Presidential Constitutional republic

President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador L

• Demography - With a population of about 126 million in 2019, Mexico

ranks as the 10th most populated country in the world. It is the most
 populous Spanish-speaking country and the third-most populous in the
Americas after the United States and Brazil.

Geography

• Mexico is located between latitudes 14° and 33°N, and longitudes 86° and
119°W in the southern portion of North America.

Economy

• As of April 2018, Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP (US$1.15 trillion)
and the 11th largest by purchasing power parity (US$2.45 trillion). GDP
annual average growth was 2.9% in 2016 and 2% in 2017. Agriculture has
comprised 4% of the economy over the last two decades, while industry
contributes 33% (mostly automotive, oil, and electronics) and services
(notably financial services and tourism) contribute 63%. Mexico's GDP in PPP
per capita was US$18,714.05. T

Nicaragua
• Capital - Managua

• Official Language - Spanish

• Government - Unitary Dominant Party

- President Daniel Ortega

• - Vice President Rosario Murillo

• Currency - 1 C$ - 1.50 peso

• Religion - 90% Christian

- 73% Roman Catholic

- 15% attending the Evangelical Churches

- 2% Moravian Church
 - 0.1% Episcopal Church

CULTURE

• Music - Nicaraguan music is a mixture of indigenous and Spanish influences. Musical

instruments include the marimba and others common across Central America.
• Dance - Dance in Nicaragua varies depending upon the region. Rural areas tend to
have a stronger focus on movement of the hips and turns. The dance style in cities
focuses primarily on more sophisticated footwork in addition to movement and turns.
DEMOGRAPHY
• According to a 2014 research published in the journal Genetics and Molecular Biology,
European ancestry predominates in 69% of Nicaraguans, followed by African ancestry
in 20%, and lastly indigenous ancestry in 11%. A Japanese research of "Genomic
Components in America's demography" demonstrated that, on average, the ancestry
of Nicaraguans is 58–62% European, 28% Native American, and 14% African, with a
very small Near Eastern contribution.

GEOGRAPHY
• Nicaragua is a country located in Central America to the south of Honduras
and north of Costa Rica. It is the largest country by area in Central America
and its capital and largest city is Managua.
ECONOMY
• Nicaragua is among the poorest countries in the Americas. Its gross
domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2008 was
estimsated at US$17.37 billion. Agriculture represents 15.5% of GDP, the
highest percentage in Central America. Remittances account for over 15%
of the Nicaraguan GDP.

Panama
BRIEF HISTORY
• The Isthmus of Panama was formed about three million years ago when the
land bridge between North and South America finally became complete,
and plants and animals gradually crossed it in both directions. The
 existence of the isthmus affected the dispersal of people, agriculture and
technology throughout the American continent from the appearance of the
first hunters and collectors to the era of villages and cities
• Capital - Panama City
• Official Language - Spanish
• Government - Unitary Presidential Constitutional Republic
- President Laurentino Cortizo
• Currency - 1 B - 51.15 peso
GEOGRAPHY
• Panama is located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea
and the Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica. It mostly lies
between latitudes 7° and 10°N, and longitudes 77° and 83°W (a small area
lies west of 83°).
CULTURE
Handicraft
• Outside Panama City, regional festivals take place throughout the year
featuring local musicians and dancers.
• Sport-The US influence in Panama can be seen in the country's sports.
Baseball is Panama's national sport and the country has regional teams and
a national team that represents it in international events. At least 140
Panamanian players have played professional baseball in the United States,
more than any other Central American country. Notable players include
Bruce Chen, Rod Carew, Mariano Rivera, Carlos Lee, Manny Sanguillén, and
Carlos Ruiz.
• Traditional Cuisine - Since Panama's cultural heritage is influenced by many
ethnicities the traditional cuisine of the country includes ingredients from
many cultures, from all over the world a mix of African, Spanish, and Native
American techniques, dishes, and ingredients, reflecting its diverse
population.
Demography
 • Panama's population was 4,176,869 people in 2018, compared to 860,000
in 1950. The proportion of the population aged below 15 in 2010 was 29%.
64.5% of the population were aged between 15 and 65, with 6.6% of the
population being 65 years or older.
Economy
• According to the CIA World Factbook, as of 2012 Panama had an
unemployment rate of 2.7 percent. A food surplus was registered in August
2008. On the Human Development Index, Panama ranked 60th in 2015. In
more recent years, Panama's economy hs experienced a boom, with
growth in real gross domestic product (GDP) averaging over 10.4 percent
in .
Saint Kitts and Nevis
CAPITAL : Basseterre ( larger island of Saint Kitts) (smaller island of Nevis lies
approximately 3 km (2 mi) to the southeast across a shallow channel called The
Narrows).
Name: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Government: Parliamentary Democracy
Prime Minister: Timothy Sylvester Harris
Language: English
Literacy: Almost perfect at 98 percent
National Holiday: September 19 ( Independence Day)
National Animals: Pelican Bird
National Flower: Poinciana
National Symbol: Coat of Arms
National Tree: Flamboyant
Country’s Motto: Country Above Self
Brief History of Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Saint Kitts and Nevis is a two island country in the Caribbean. It is the
smallest country in the Americas both in area and population.

Christopher Columbus discovered the islands in 1493. He landed on Saint

Kitts and named it after St. Christopher, which was later shortened to St.
Kitts. He also named the other island Nevis because it looked like a snow
capped mountain and the Spanish word for snow is nieves. When
Columbus arrived the islands were inhabited by the warrior Native
American tribe the Caribs.

The English began to settle the islands in 1623 and St. Kitts was the first
English colony in the Caribbean. Over the next several years the English and
 the French would fight over the island. Eventually the English took full
control. The islands became an independent country in 1983.
 Geography

 Saint Kitts is 23 miles (37 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, is oval in shape,
and has an area of 68 square miles (176 square km).

 A volcanic mountainous ridge down the centre forms a semicircle around a

plain in the southeast. Mount Liamuiga (formerly Mount Misery), with a
lake in its forested crater, is the highest point (3,792 feet [1,156 metres]).

 Mount Liamuiga was formerly named Mount Misery. The name Liamuiga is

derived from the Kalinago name for the entire island of St. Kitts, which
means, "fertile land."

 The mountain sides are covered in farmland and small villages up to the
1,500-foot (460 m) height, after which lush tropical rainforest drape the
slopes until cloud forest takes over at 3,000 ft (900 m).

 Nevis, surrounded by coral reefs, lies 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Saint Kitts
across a channel known as The Narrows. The island is circular, and it
consists almost entirely of a mountain.

 Nevis Peak (3,232 feet [985 metres]), which is flanked by the lower Round
Hill (1,014 feet [309 metres]) on the north and by Saddle Hill (1,850 feet
[564 metres]) on the south.

 INLAND LAKES

 The Great Salt Pond, located near the southeastern tip of Saint Kitts, is the
only lake of significant size on the islands.

 WingField and Cayon are the only River and waterfalls in Saint Kitts and
Nevis


Economy in Saint Kitts and Nevis

 Major Industries: sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing,

footwear, beverages
Agricultural Products: sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish

Natural Resources: arable land

Major Exports: machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco

Major Imports: machinery, manufactures, food, fuels

Currency:  East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

 1 (EC$) = 18.71

 National GDP: $875,000,000

 Population: around 53, 000 (July 2019)

 Culture

 -Masquerade

 -Carnival

 Culturama

 Politics

 Saint Kitts and Nevis has a modified Two party system, which means that
there are two dominant political coalition, with extreme difficulty for
anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.

 Religions

 Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic

 Climate

 tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature

variation; rainy season (May to November)

 Saint Lucia

 CAPITAL : Castries (population 60,263) where 32.4% of the population lives.

 Government Type: Parliamentary Democracy

 Language: English (official), French patois

 Prime Minister: Prime Minister Allen Chastanet

 Literacy: Estimated 90%

 National Holiday: Independence Day, 22 February (1979)

 National Animals: Saint Lucia parrot

 National Flower: Rose

 National Symbol: Coat of Arms of Saint Lucia

 National Tree: Calabash

 Brief History of Saint Lucia

 Saint Lucia is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. The island is considered
part of the Windward Islands and gets its name from the French who
named it after St. Lucy of Syracuse.

The first inhabitants were the Native American Arawaks. Later the Caribs
took over the island. The Spanish first landed on the island in the late 15th
or early 16th century, however, the first trading posts weren't established
until the 17th century. They faced difficulty from the unfriendly Caribs.

In 1815 the English took control of the island primarily to develop the sugar
 industry. In 1979 Saint Lucia became a fully independent country although
the country still considers Queen Elizabeth II its queen. The island is a
member of CARICOM, the Caribbean Community and Common Market.
Two Nobel laureates call Saint Lucia home, Derek Walcott and Arthur
Lewis.

 Geography

 Total Size: 616 square km.

 Size Comparison: 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

 Saint Lucia, island state in the Caribbean Sea.

 It is the second largest of the Windward group in the Lesser Antilles and is

located about 24 miles (39 km) south of Martinique and some 21 miles (34
km) northeast of Saint Vincent.

 Saint Lucia is 27 miles (43 km) long and has a maximum width

 of 14 miles (23 km). 

 The capital and major port is Castries.

 Saint Lucia is a member of the Commonwelth.

 Mount Gimie (3,145 feet [959 metres]). 

 Saint Lucia has a Tropical Climate

 Economy

 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing

 The economy of Saint Lucia relies primarily on the sale of bananas, and the
income generated from tourism, with additional input from small-scale
manufacturing.

 Major Industries: clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages,

corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism; lime processing, coconut processing.
 Natural Resources: forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral
springs, geothermal potential

 Major Exports: bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil

Major Imports: food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and

transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels

 Population

 182,790( 2019)

 Religion

 majority of Saint Lucia’s population practices Christianity 61.5%. Roman

Catholics and Protestant

 Currency: East Caribbean dollar

 1 (EC$) = 19.03 peso

National GDP: $2,183,000,000

 Culture:

 Folkdances like Waltz, Polka and Quadrille are popular in Saint Lucia

 Sports:

 Football and Cricket

Saint Vincent and Grenadines

CAPITAL : Kingstown

Type of Government: parliamentary democracy

Prime Minister: Ralph Everard Gonsalves

Language: English
Literacy: at age of 95.63% , can read and write

National Holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1979)

National Animal: Saint Vincent Parrot (amazon)

National Flower: Soufriere

National Symbol: Coat of Arms ( Pax et Justitia)

National Tree: Soufriere Tree

Brief History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:

St. Vincent and the Grenadines is an island nation located in the Caribbean
Sea. It was originally settled by the Native American Caribs, however it also
became a place for runaway African slaves. The slaves married some of the
Caribs and the natives soon became known as the Black Caribs.

Although the local Caribs fought off the European settlers for some time, in
1729 the French began to settle the island. The French grew coffee, tobacco,
sugarcane, and cotton on plantations that were worked by African slaves.
After the Treaty of Versailles in 1783, the Saint Vincent became a British
colony. It wasn't until 1979 that Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were
granted full independence.

The country has suffered from natural disasters in the 20th century. The first
was the eruption of the La Soufriere volcano in 1902, which damaged much of
the islands farmland. The volcano erupted again in 1979, again damaging the
countries important crops. The 1980's and 1990's have seen a number of
hurricanes hit the area, too.

Geography

Total Size: 389 square km

Size Comparison: twice the size of Washington, DC

Saint Vincent and Grenadines  is comprised of some 32 islands and hundreds
of islets all stretching south (about 48 miles) to the country of Grenada.

The big island of St. Vincent (volcanic in origin) has a rugged mountainous
terrain covered by lush forests with very little level ground.

Located in northern St. Vincent is the island's, as well as the country's highest
peak, Mt. Soufrière at 1234 m (4,048 ft)

The Grenadines include the main islands of Bequia, Balliceau, Canouan,

Mayreau, Mustique, Isle D'Quatre, Petit Saint Vincent, and Union Island, and
over 600 rocky islets, all low-lying and ringed by coral reefs.

Climate:

tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to

November)

Economy

The economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is heavily dependent on

agriculture, being the world’s leading producer of arrowroot and grows other
exotic fruit, vegetables and root crops.

Major Industries: food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch

Agricultural Products: bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small

numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; fish

Natural Resources: hydropower, cropland

Major Exports: bananas 39%, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch;

tennis racquets
Major Imports: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and
fertilizers, minerals and fuels.
National GDP: $1,264,000,000

Population:110,589

Religion: Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, other (includes
Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Protestant) 12%.

Currency: East Caribbean dollar

1 (EC$) = 18.71 Peso

Culture:

Vincy Mas carnival hottest summer festival

Shows like King and Queen of the Bands, Junior Carnival, the Miss Carnival
beauty show, Steel Band and Calypso competitions

Bequia Regatta - Easter weekend

Trinidad and Tobago

CAPITAL : Port of Spain, city is the third largest in the country, with municipal
population of 37,074.

Type of Government: Parliamentary Democracy

Prime Minister: Keith Rowley

Language: English

Literacy: 98.7 can read and write

National Holiday: Independence Day, 31 August (1962)

National Animals: Scarlet Ibis

National Flower: Chaconia (Wild Poinsettia)

National Symbol:Coat of Arms of Trinidad and Tobago

National Tree: Chaconian Tree

Brief History of Trinidad and Tobago:

Trinidad and Tobago is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea just off the coast
of Venezuela. The original settlers to the islands were the Native American
Arawak and Carib tribes. When Europeans arrived, the locals were nearly
wiped out by disease.

The first European to arrive at Trinidad was Christopher Columbus in 1948. He

named the island and 100 years later the Spanish came and settled the area.
The English took possession of Trinidad in 1797, but Tobago changes hands
numerous times between the French, English, and Dutch before the English
finally took made it a colony in 1803.

Trinidad and Tobago became a republic in 1976. The people there speak
mostly English and are primarily of African or East Indian descent

Geography

Trinidad and Tobago are the southernmost islands of the Lesser Antilles,
located close to the South American continental shelf.

Trinidad lies 11 kilometers off the northeast coast of Venezuela and 130
kilometers south of the Grenadines.It is 60 kilometers long and 80 kilometers
at its maximum breadth and comprises an area of 4,828 square kilometers.

Trinidad appears rectangular in shape with three projecting peninsular

corners. Trinidad mountains highest peak is El Cerro del Aripo, is 940 meters
high; the other, El Tucuche, reaches 936 meters.

Trinidad Rivers are Ortoire River (50 kilometers long) Caroni River( 40
kilometers long)
Tobago is located thirty kilometers northeast of Trinidad, from which it is
separated by a channel thirty-seven kilometers wide.

The island is 42 kilometers long and 13 kilometers wide, with a total area of
300 square kilometers. Tobago is cigar-shaped in appearance and has a
northeast-southwest alignment.

Tobago has several small satellite islands. The largest of these, Little Tobago,
is starfish shaped, hilly, and consists of 120 hectares of impenetrable
vegetation

Economy

The economy of Trinidad and Tobago is the wealthiest in the Caribbean and
the third-richest by GDP per capita in the Americas

Major Industries: petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement,

beverage, cotton textiles
Agricultural Products: cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Major Exports: petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products,
fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Major Imports: machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods,
food, live animals

Population: 1.41 Million

Religions: Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%, Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%,

Pentecostal 6.8%, other Christian 5.8%, Muslim 5.8%, Seventh Day Adventist
4%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census).

Currency: Trinidad and Tobago Dollar

$1= 7.48 peso

Culture:
The Carnival which was introduced in Trinidad and Tobago by the French is
one of the biggest public celebrations in the island nation.

Christmas is also celebrated in the country when parang, a traditional style of

music is played, and pastelle, fruit cake, black cake, sweet breads are eaten.

 The Hindu festivals of Diwali, Phagwah/Holi, and Shivratri are also celebrated
in the country with great pomp and glory.

Calypso, an integral part of Trinidad and Tobago culture, is a style of music

that originated in the nation.

The Little Carib Theatre was the first folk dance company to be established in
Trinidad and Tobago.

United States of America (USA)

CAPITAL : Washington D c

Name: United States of America

Type of Government: Constitution-based federal republic

Prime Minister: Donald Trump

Language: English

Literacy: 99% can read and write

National Holiday: July 4 1776 (Independence Day)

National Animals: American Bison

National Flower: Rose

National Symbol: The Bald Eagle ( June 20 1782)

National Tree: Oak Tree

Brief History Of United States

The territory represented by the continental United States had, of course,
been discovered, perhaps several times, before the voyages of Christopher
Columbus. When Columbus arrived, he found the New World inhabited by
peoples who in all likelihood had originally come from the continent of Asia.
Probably these first inhabitants had arrived 20,000 to 35,000 years before in a
series of migrations from Asia to North America by way of the Bering Strait. By
the time the first Europeans appeared, the indigenous people (commonly
referred to as Indians) had spread and occupied all portions of the New
World.

Geography

The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world based
on population and land area. The United States also has the world's largest
economy and is one of the most influential nations in the world.

General Terrain: vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low

mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska;
rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii

Geographical Low Point: Death Valley -86 m

Geographical Major Cities: New York-Newark 19.3 million; Los Angeles-Long

Beach-Santa Ana 12.675 million; Chicago 9.134 million; Miami 5.699 million;

Major Landforms: Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, Sierra Nevada

Mountains, Cascade Mountains, Mount McKinley, Great Plains, Mojave
Desert, Hawaiian Islands

Major Bodies of Water: Great Lakes including Superior, Michigan, Erie, Huron,

and Ontario. Great Salt Lake, Mississippi River, Missouri River, Yukon River,
Rio Grande, Gulf of Mexico, Bering Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic
Oceanraphical High Point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m
Economy

The economy of the United States is highly developed and mixed.[33][34] It is the

world's largest economy by nominal GDP and net wealth and the second-
largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).

Major Industries: leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and

technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace,
telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods,
lumber, mining

Agricultural Products: wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton;

beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products

Natural Resources: coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium,

bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum,
natural gas, timber

Major Exports: agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial

supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor
vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer
goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2003)

Major Imports: agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil

8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment,
motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer
goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003

Population:329,064,917

Religion: Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%,
Muslim 1%, other 10%, none 10% (2002 est.)
Currency: US DOLLAR
National GDP: $15,080,000,000,000

Culture: