Eating

Disorders
By GROUP 8
An eating disorder is an
abnormal eating behavior that
risks physical and mental
health. Can lead to organ
damage, malnutrition, or even
death. Most often they affect
young women and teenage
girls. However, people of all
ages and genders can also form
eating disorders.
 Common Types of Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa - is characterized by an intense fear of
being obese and a continued pursuit of becoming thin

2. Bulimia Nervosa - Commonly referred to simply as

bulimia. It’s a serious condition that can be life
threatening.
It’s generally characterized by binge eating followed by
purging.
 01
ANOREXIA
NERVOSA
 02
BULIMIA
NERVOSA
 ETIOLOGY/CAUSES
The exact causes of anorexia nervosa are not known. Many
factors may be involved, including genes, hormones, and
social attitudes.

• Risk factors for anorexia include:

o Being worried about/ paying more attention to weight and shape
o Having an anxiety disorder or eating problems as a child
o Having a negative self-image
o Having certain social or cultural ideas about health and beauty
o Trying to be perfect or overly focused on rule
The definite cause of bulimia is not known, though there
may be numerous factors that may contribute in the
development of this mental disorder

• Risk factors include:

o Being female
o Depression and anxiety disorders
o Substance use disorders
o Traumatic events
o Stress
o Frequent dieting
Clinical Manifestation of Anorexia Nervosa
2. Dental problems
Objective signs
3. Metabolic alkalosis
*For restricting type 4. Hypotension
1. They simply eat and avoid 5. Bradycardia
social interaction 6. Hypothermia
2. Insomnia 7. Lanugo,
8. Pitting edema
*For purging type 9. Amenorrhea
1. They typically eat in a normal
situation, after meal they retreat
to the nearest bathroom and
purge themselves of the
consumed food, and use of
laxative and diuretics.
Subjective signs

1. Fear of gaining weight

2. Patient concerned about being obese, losing weight,
preventing weight gain
3. Anorectic bizane behavior
 Clinical Manifestations of Bulimia Nervosa
Objective signs

1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance Subjective signs

* hyponatremia
* hypochloremia 1. Most patient binges occur at night
* hypokalemia 2. Patient reports the bulimic episodes
* metabolic alkalosis and acidosis when they begin to induce vomiting and
physically exhausted suffer from painful
abdominal distention
3. After binge, patient promise themselves
to adhere to a strict diet and never to
binge again
4. Patient report loss of over eating,
causing them great anxiety and shame.
5. Depression
6. Fear of gaining weight
MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS OF EATING DISORDERS
Body System Symptoms
Related to weight loss
• Musculoskeletal Loss of muscle mass, loss of fat, osteoporosis,
and pathologic fractures
• Metabolic Hypothyroidism (symptoms include lack of
energy, weakness, intolerance to cold, and
bradycardia), hypoglycemia, and decreased
insulin sensitivity
• Cardiac Bradycardia, hypotension, loss of cardiac
muscle, small heart, cardiac arrhythmias
(including atrial and ventricular premature
contractions, prolonged QT interval, ventricular
tachycardia), and sudden death
 Body System Symptoms
• Gastrointestinal Delayed gastric emptying, bloating, constipation,
abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea

• Reproductive Amenorrhea and low levels of luteinizing and

follicle-stimulating hormones

• Dermatologic Dry, cracking skin due to dehydration, lanugo (i.e.,

fine, baby-like hair over body), edema, and
acrocyanosis (i.e., blue hands and feet)

• Hematologic Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia,

hypercholesterolemia, and hypercarotenemia
• Neuropsychiatric Abnormal taste sensation, apathetic depression, mild
organic mental symptoms, and sleep disturbances
 Body System Symptoms
Related to purging (vomiting and laxative abuse)
• Metabolic Electrolyte abnormalities, particularly hypokalemia,
hypochloremic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and elevated
blood urea nitrogen
• Gastrointestinal Salivary gland and pancreas inflammation and
enlargement with an increase in serum amylase,
esophageal and gastric erosion or rupture, dysfunctional
bowel, and superior mesenteric artery syndrome
• Dental Erosion of dental enamel (perimyolysis), particularly
front teeth
• Neuropsychiatri Seizures (related to large fluid shifts and electrolyte
c disturbances), mild neuropathies, fatigue, weakness, and
mild organic mental symptoms
 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Goal: reestablish proper eating behavior, weight gain, and
enhance self esteem

1. TPN

2.Individual Therapy
A form of therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy is often used to
treat anorexia nervosa. CBT helps change unhealthy thoughts and
behaviors. Its goal is to help you learn to cope with strong emotions and
build healthy self-esteem.
3.Family Therapy
Family therapy gets family members involved in keeping you on track
with your healthy eating and lifestyle. Family therapy also helps resolve
conflicts within the family. It can help create support for the family
member learning to cope with anorexia nervosa.

4.Group Therapy
Group therapy allows people with anorexia nervosa to interact with
others who have the same disorder. But it can sometimes lead to
competition to be the thinnest. To avoid that, it’s important that you
attend group therapy that is led by a qualified medical professional.
 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR
BULIMIA NERVOSA
Goal: Reestablish proper eating behavior and enhance self esteem.

1. SSRI such us Fluoxetine (Prozac)

2. Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, can include cognitive behavioral
therapy, family-based therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy

3. dietitian support and nutrition education, which means learning about

healthy eating habits, forming a nutritious meal plan, and possibly a
controlled weight loss program

4. treatment for complications, which may include hospitalization for

severe cases of bulimia
Thank You
Clester Ann Suarez
Lynjenne Ocenar
Christine Mahait
Angielyn Modesto
Romualdo Redona

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