Jakobson's

Six Functions of Language

Ahmad Mulki Ismaya

Anissa Dwiandra
Asbabur Riyasy
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Theory's
Origin

What is necessary for

communication to happen?

-Roman Jacobson
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Theory's
Origin
In 1934, Karl Buhler made a drawing to try to represent
those necessary elements of communication
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Theory's
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Looks complicated?
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Theory's
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Let's simplify it
"Reality"
Let's say,
this ppt is the message,
we are the senders,
the viewer is the receiver
Message
This message stands for some
aspect of "reality", this aspect
Sender Receiver is the theory of functions of
language
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Theory's
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Now, we have four elements so far
"Reality"

Message
Sender Receiver
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Theory's
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Fourteen years later, in 1948, Claude Shannon propose a
slightly different model
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Theory's
Origin
Looks complicated?

Actually, it has some

of the same elements
we saw before
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See? But what is
"noice source"?

Think about a phone

Sender Message Receiver call, when you try to
communicate,
sometimes you get
some interference or
noice
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Theory's
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This interference of
noice imply that there
is a channel of
communication
Sender Message Receiver
Another exapmle, if
internet is a channel,
Channel
my strange accent
might be a noice
source
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Theory's
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There's a reason why
Shannon split Sender
and Receiver into two
boxes
Sender Message Receiver
The reason is that he
was consider the
Channel
encoding and the
decoding of the
message
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Whenever we transmit
a message, we encode
it into something else

Sender Message Receiver Whoever receive have

to decode the message

Channel
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Encoding and decoding
imply a different
element,
a code
Sender Message Receiver

Channel

Code
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Theory's
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Language is a code, a
code of symbols, and
of words that need to
be interpreted
Sender Message Receiver
If you don't understand
the code, you might
Channel
not understand the
message
Code
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Theory's
Origin
In 1960, Jakobson combined this two models and came up
with six elements of communication
"Reality"

Message
Sender Receiver
Channel

Code
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He renamed the "reality" as context, which-to him-made
more sense
Context

Message
Sender Receiver
Channel

Code
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"Each of these six factors determines a different function of
language." -Roman Jakobson, 1960
Context

Message
Sender Receiver
Channel

Code
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Theory's
Origin
"Each of these six factors determines a different function of
language." -Roman Jakobson, 1960
Referential

Poetic
Emotive Conative
Phatic

Metalingual
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Emotive
Function
"Wow! This is amazing."
"Boohoo ... I'm suffering"

The sender is expressing an emosion here.

Whenever we have an emphasize on the sender,
we call it the emotive function of language. It is
also called expressive or affective
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Conative
Function
"Riyas! Come inside now!"
"Sugoi, you're so handsome"

When the receiver is emphasized, we have what

is called the conative function of language.
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Poetic
Function
Winter, winter, you make a glow
You freeze my body with ice and snow

Whenever we have this work on artistic language,

we have a focus on the message and what is called
the poetic function of language
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Referential
Function
“I have a boyfriend. He's so cute and
always be there for me.”

When the context is emphasized, we call it the

referential function of language. The main point is
just to refer to something, someone, or an event.
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Phatic
Function
"Hello, how are you?"
"Are you still with me?"

The point is just to test the channel to make sure

we're communicating. Whenever we have a focus
on the channel, we have what is called the phatic
function of language
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Metalingual
Function
"Meta" is a Greek root that means
"beyond"

This is a definition. In a definition, we use words

to define another words. Whenever we use a
language to talk about a language, we have what
is called the metalingual function of a language
 Thank You

References:

https://youtu.be/2jc6DbvW31g
https://youtu.be/SxbFGWHkZFc
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