• Berlo (1960) developed a model

of the process communication,

based on the Shannon-Weaver
Model of Communication.
• Consists of:
C O M M U N I C AT I O N A S A
PROCESS  Source-Encoder
 Message
 Channel
 Receiver-Decoder
 Originating source of the message

Encoding process to prepare the message for

transmission into the channel

SOURCE- Signal composed of a systematic group of

ENCODER symbols

Where encoding is defective (incorrect

language) serious distortion or breakdown in
communication occurs

Two minds cannot communicate directly

with one another without some intervening
process (symbols representing meaning)
 MESSAGE

• Message is like a coin – has two sides –

there is the message as seen by the source-
encoder and the message as seen by
decoder-receiver
 Any medium that
connects the source to
receiver

CHANNEL
Channel Noise –
anything present in the
perceived signal which
was not present in the
original message
 R EC EIVER -DEC ODER

• Processes at the receiving terminal are

essentially the reverse of those at the
transmitting terminal
 Definition: Human Communication is the establishment of a
relationship such that actions, thoughts, feelings and
intentions of one person evoke a response in another.

Data and Information distinguished – Information is defined

as data which has meaning to the receiver.
EXPLORING THE
N AT U R E O F T H E
HUMAN
C O M M U N I C AT I O N
PROCESS Data which does not convey meaning to the receiver is
nonsense

Refer to diagram 3-1 The Human Communication Process on

pp.45
 Essential elements:
source-encoder, Problem of
message, channel, Conveying Meaning:
and receiver-decoder

The addition of a The differentiation of

HUMAN semantic noise box channel noise from
C O M M U N I C AT I O N at the source-encoder semantic noise
PROCESS

The addition of a
The possibility of a
semantic receiver at
feedback path
the receiver decoder