Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi

Dalam Pendidikan

Bahan Kuliah Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan-S2

Program Pascasarjana Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Dosen: Dr. Muchlas, M.T.

1
 Pertemuan Ke-3:
Pengenalan Perangkat Keras
Komputer

2
 Tujuan:
Mahasiswa dapat:
• menjelaskan trend perkembangan komputer
• mengidentifikasi jenis sistem komputer yang banyak
digunakan saat ini
• mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen utama sistem
komputer
• menjelaskan cara kerja sistem komputer
• Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan perangkat keras untuk
mendukung kegiatan pendidikan
• menyebutkan spesifikasi komputer sesuai kebutuhan
pendidikan

3
Trends of Computer System
Earliest systems:
Bigger Size, More Expensive
Timesharing
Mainframe Multitasking
Computers

Smaller, Cheaper, Faster,

More Realiable, Easy to
Purchase, Easy to Microcomputers
Maintain
Timesharing
Multitasking
MAINFRAME
Mainframe: Mark I (1944)
Mainframe: ENIAC (1946)
Mainframe: UNIVAC (1952)
Univac computer: Predicts an
election 1952
IBM 701 (1952)
IBM 360 (1964)
Movie of Mainframe
Desk Set was a
major motion picture
from 1957 starring
Spencer Tracy and
Katherine Hepburn.
Roll Tape in Mainframe
Using Mainframe to Control Rocket
The Time-Sharing Computer User
Remote Terminals Take Control

Mainframe
Terminals in Mainframe
Terminals in Mainframe
 Mainframes to Networks
• The mainframe
– Central computer timesharing and multitasking
– CRT or dumb terminals accessing
– No local processing capabilities
• LAN – Local area network
– Central computer as a server (Often another PC)
– Local computers accessing the network
– Software on both machines.
– Local processing capabilities
 Mainframes to Networks

MAINFRAME

PC/Microcomputer
NETWORK
Microcomputer
Earliest microcomputers
Earliest microcomputers: Apple
II
IBM COMPATIBLE
Earliest microcomputers:
Portable

“Might fit under the seat in a plane” 35 lbs ??

 Microcomputer Systems
• Handheld Computers
– PDA, Information
Appliances
• Notebook Computers
• Desktop Computers
• Workstations
 Komputer Saat Ini: Laptop vs Desktop
Lihat video ini:
• http://youtu.be/qKb1tFkJBsU
• http://youtu.be/kMRDmkFsUZs

Laptop Desktop Computer=

Personal Computer (PC)

27
 Komputer Saat Ini: Pad, Tablet, Tab

ANDROID PLAYBOOK
Hardware of a Modern PC

Hardware of a modern
personal computer:

1. Monitor
2. Motherboard
3. CPU
4. RAM
5. Expansion cards
6. Power supply
7. Optical disc drive
8. Hard disk drive
9. Keyboard
10. Mouse
Hardware of a Modern PC

30
 Structure of Computer System

Central Processing Unit

Arithmetic
Control
Input Logic Unit Output
Output
Unit (CU)
Devices (ALU) Devices
Devices

Special Primary
Cache
Purpose
Memory Storage
Processors

Secondary
Storage
Devices

31
Structure of Computer System

32
 Input Technology Trends
First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation

Voice Recognition
Punched Keyboard Data Entry Speech and
Punched Key to Tape/
Cards Pointing Devices Touch Devices
Cards Disk Optical Scanning Handwriting
Paper Tape
Recognition

Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Natural

and Easy to Use
 Common Input Devices

Keyboard Mouse Touch

http://youtu.be/o4H931A3BDE Screen

Mic Scanner
Webcam
 Variety of Keyboard
Serial Keyboard PS2 Keyboard USB Keyboard Wireless Keyboard
 Variety of Mouse

Serial Mouse PS2 Mouse USB Mouse Wireless Mouse

 Output Technology Trends
First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation

Video Displays
Punched Punched Video Displays
Printed Reports Voice Responses
Cards Cards Audio Responses
and Documents Hyperlinked
Printed Reports Printed Reports Printed Reports
Video Displays Multimedia
and Documents and Documents and Documents
Documents

Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally,

Quickly, and Clearly
 Common Video Output Devices
(Monitor=Screen=Display=VDU)

Cathode-Ray
Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD)

Organic Light
Emitting Diode
(OLED)
 Common Printed Output Devices

Dot Matrix Printer Inkjet Printer Laser Printer

Common Audio Output Devices

Headset Speaker
 Storage Trends
Primary
Storage
First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation

LSI VLSI
Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic
Semiconductor Semiconductor
Drum Core Core
Memory Chips Memory Chips

Trend: Towards Large Capacities Using Smaller Microelectronic Circuits

Secondary
Storage

Magnetic Disk
Magnetic Tape Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Optical Disk
Optical Disk
Magnetic Drum Magnetic Disk Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk
Magnetic Tape

Trend: Towards Massive Capacities Using Magnetic and Optical Media

 Data representation in a computer

• “Two state” or binary representation

– negative / positive electronic charges?
– A bit – negative or positive – zero or one
– ASCII or EBCIDIC coding schemes
 How many bytes and bits?
• “Mary Smith”
• “Mary J. Smith”
• 04/01/2004
 Definitions of storage size
• 1 bit = 0 or 1
• 8 bits = 1 byte (character)
• 1 k = 1,000 bytes (kilobyte)
• 1 mb = 1,000,000 (megabyte)
• 1 gb = 1,000,000,000 (gigabyte)
– 20 meters of shelved books
• 1 tb = 1,000,000,000,000 (terabyte)
– A complete research library
• 1 pb = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (petabyte)
– 2b = all U.S. academic research libraries
• 1 ex - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (exabyte)
 Data storage and retrieval forms

• RAM = random or direct access memory

– Fast, lost when power down
• DASD – direct access storage devices
– Disk drives – slower but still quite fast
– Direct reads to sectors and tracks
• Magnetic tapes
– Slower, cheaper, sequential access
• Direct or random access – specific storage
positions based on data defined locations
– Example: credit card records – card id
 Semi Conductor Memory

• Random access memory (RAM)

– Increases over time driven by operating
systems and applications software
• Read only memory (ROM)
– Permanent storage of commonly executed
instructions – not volatile
– “Firmware” …
 Magnetic disk storage
• Floppy disks
– 3.5 inch = 1.44 mb
– Superdisk – 120 mb
• Hard disk drives – 100’s of gigabytes
• RAID storage – redundant arrays of
independent disks
– 6 to 100 + small hard disks
– Redundant design of data storage
– Fault tolerant capacity – less risk of loss
 Other storage forms
• Magnetic tapes
– used for backup
– Sequential access
– Cartridge or real to real
• Optical disk storage
– CD-ROM : compact disk read only memory
– CD-R – record once
– CD-RW – rewriteable disk
– DVD – digital video disk
• 3 to 8.5 gb -
 Primary & Secondary Storage Media

Semiconductor

Storage
Primary
Memory
se ses
cr crea es

Direct
s
De ea

Access
s

Magnetic
r B ity cr
ac In

Disks
ea
ap ed

Floppy Disk
Co e C Spe

In

Hard Disk, RAID

it
ag s
or es

pe
St Acc

Sequential
st

Magnetic Tape Access

Secondary
Storage
Optical Disks
CD-ROM, CD-R Direct
Access
CD-RW
DVD
Perangkat Keras Komputer Pendidikan
Contoh Spesifikasi Komputer
Dual Core (2.5 Ghz) TRAY
Mainboard ASUS/Gigabyte/ECS Memory
DDR2 V-gen 2 Gb PC 5300
Harddisk 160 Gb Seagate/Maxtor SATA
Keyboard + Mouse Simbadda
Casing ATX 450w + 2 FAN CPU
LCD Monitor LG/Samsung Wide Screen 17″
VGA PCI-Express Digital Alliance 9500GT
Super 1Gb DDR2 256Bit

52