NAME – VISHAL RAI

STREAM – CSE
SEC – A
ROLL NO – 13000119060
TOPIC – ASYNCHRONOUS
SERIAL COUNTER
 INDEX
TOPICS PAGE NO.

1) WHAT DOES ASYNCHRONOUS DATA MEAN? 3

2) ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER 4

3) TYPES OF ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER 5

4) ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL DATA TRANSFER 6

5) PRINCIPLE OF ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL DATA 7

TRANSMISSION
6) WORKING OF ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL DATA TRANSFER 8-9

7) USES OF ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL DATA TRANSFER 10

8) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 11
 WHAT DOES ASYNCHRONOUS DATA
MEAN?
• Asynchronous data is data that is not synchronized when it is sent or received.
• In this type of transmission, signals are sent between the computers and
external systems or vice versa in an asynchronous manner.
 ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER
• Asynchronous data transfer between
two independent units requires that
control signals be transmitted between
the communicating units to indicate the
time at which data is being transmitted.
• The transmission of asynchronous data
is not prompted by a clock signal when
sending the data to the receiver, unlike
in synchronous methods, where sending
data is measured against a time
reference.
 TYPES OF ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER
•  Data transfer can occur between Serial Parallel

data in two ways serial and Require single line to send

parallel. Require multiple line
data
• In parallel data transmission, Less error and simple Error prone and complex
each bit of the message has its model working
own path and the total message is
transmitted at the same time. Economical Expensive

• In serial data transmission, each Slower data transfer Faster data transfer
bit in the message is sent in
sequence one at a time. Used for long distance used for short distance

Example : Computer to Example : Computer to

Computer Printer
 ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL DATA TRANSFER

• Serial transmission can be synchronous or asynchronous. In synchronous transmission, the

two units share a common clock frequency and bits are transmitted continuously at the rate
dictated by the clock pulses.
• In most computer asynchronous mode of data transfer is used in which two component have
a different clock. Data transfer can occur between data in two ways serial and parallel. In
case of parallel multiple lines are used to send a single bit whereas in serial transfer each bit
is send one at a time. To tell other devices when the character/data will be given a concept of
start and end bit is used.
• In long distant serial transmission, each unit is driven by a separate clock of the same
frequency.
 PRINCIPLE OF ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL DATA
TRANSMISSION
• A start bit is denoted by 0 and stop bit is detected when line return to 1-state at least one time, here
1-state means that there is not data transfer is occurring.

• When a character is not being sent then line is kept in state 1. Start of character is detected when a 0
is sent. The character bit always come after 0 bit. After last bit is sent the state of line to become 1.

• Here earlier state of line was 1 when a character has to be send a 0 is send and character bit are
transferred.

• The diagram below shows this concept:

 WORKING OF ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL
DATA TRANSMISSION
• Each character consists of three parts: a start bit, the character bits, and stop bits. The
convention is that the transmitter rests at the 1-state when no characters are transmitted. The
first bit, called the start bit, is always a 0 and is used to indicate the beginning of a character.
The last bit called the stop bit is always a 1.
• A clock in the receiver examines the line at proper bit times. The receiver knows the transfer
rate of the bits and the number of character bits to accept. After the character bits are
transmitted, one or two stop bits are sent.
• The stop bits are always in the 1-state and frame the end of the character to signify the idle or
wait state.
•At the end of the character the line is held at the 1-state for a period of at least one or two bit
times so that both the transmitter and receiver can resynchronize.
• At the end of the character the line is held at the 1-state for a period of at least one or two bit
times so that both the transmitter and receiver can resynchronize.
• The stop time ensures that a new character will not follow for one or two bit times.
 USES OF ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL
TRANSFER

• A serial asynchronous data transmission technique used in many interactive

terminals employs special bits that are inserted at both ends of the character code.
• In most computer asynchronous mode of data transfer is used in which two
component have a different clock.
• In telecommunications, asynchronous communication is transmission of data,
generally without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted
intermittently rather than in a steady stream.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teachers

who gave me the golden opportunity to work on this wonderful project,
which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know
about so many new things which helped in enhancing my knowledge.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame. I am
really thankful to all of them.